Patient-reported physical activity questionnaires: A systematic review of content and format
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RESEARCH
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Patient-reported physical activity questionnaires: A systematic review of content and format Kate Williams1, Anja Frei2,3*, Anders Vetsch2,3, Fabienne Dobbels4, Milo A Puhan2,5 and Katja Rüdell1
Abstract Background: Many patients with chronic illness are limited in their physical activities. This systematic review evaluates the content and format of patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires that measure physical activity in elderly and chronically ill populations. Methods: Questionnaires were identified by a systematic literature search of electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsychINFO & CINAHL), hand searches (reference sections and PROQOLID database) and expert input. A qualitative analysis was conducted to assess the content and format of the questionnaires and a Venn diagram was produced to illustrate this. Each stage of the review process was conducted by at least two independent reviewers. Results: 104 questionnaires fulfilled our criteria. From these, 182 physical activity domains and 1965 items were extracted. Initial qualitative analysis of the domains found 11 categories. Further synthesis of the domains found 4 broad categories: ‘physical activity related to general activities and mobility’, ‘physical activity related to activities of daily living’, ‘physical activity related to work, social or leisure time activities’, and ‘(disease-specific) symptoms related to physical activity’. The Venn diagram showed that no questionnaires covered all 4 categories and that the ‘(disease-specific) symptoms related to physical activity’ category was often not combined with the other categories. Conclusions: A large number of questionnaires with a broad range of physical activity content were identified. Although the content could be broadly organised, there was no consensus on the content and format of physical activity PRO questionnaires in elderly and chronically ill populations. Nevertheless, this systematic review will help investigators to select a physical activity PRO questionnaire that best serves their research question and context. Keywords: Physical activity, Chronic illness, Patient-reported outcome questionnaires, Systematic review
Background Many patients with chronic diseases experience physical activity limitations or suffer symptoms during physical activities. This is concerning given the wealth of evidence demonstrating the importance of a physically active lifestyle in the prevention and management of many chronic diseases [1,2]. Physical activity has been defined as ‘any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above a basal level’ [3]. It is useful as an outcome measurement as it enables researchers to effectively * Correspondence: [email protected] 2 Horten Centre for Patient-oriented Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
evaluate public health interventions to increase physical activity levels. It is also currently b
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