Pediatric Myocardial T1 and T2 Value Associations with Age and Heart Rate at 1.5 T
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Pediatric Myocardial T1 and T2 Value Associations with Age and Heart Rate at 1.5 T Tarek Alsaied1,2 · Stephanie Y. Tseng1,2 · Saira Siddiqui1,2 · Priyal Patel3 · Phillip R. Khoury1,4 · Eric J. Crotty5 · Sean Lang1,2 · Mantosh Rattan5 · Robert Fleck5 · Amol Pradnekar5 · Rebeccah L. Brown6 · Michael D. Taylor1,2 Received: 23 July 2020 / Accepted: 26 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The objective of the study was to determine normal global left ventricular reference values for T1 and T2 in children. This is a retrospective study that included healthy subjects, age 5–19 years, who underwent CMR for the indication of pectus excavatum from 2018 to 2019. Linear regression models were used to determine associations of native T1 and T2 values to heart rate, age, and other CMR parameters. 102 patients with a mean age of 14.0 ± 2.4 years were included (range 5.4–18.8). 87 (85%) were males and 15 (15%) were females. The mean global T1 was 1018 ± 25 ms and the mean T2 was 53 ± 3 ms. T1 was negatively correlated with age (r = − 0.39, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with heart rate (r = 0.32, p < 0.001) by univariate analysis. Multivariable analysis showed that age and heart rate were independently associated with T1. T2 demonstrated a weak negative correlation with age (r = − 0.20, p = 0.047) and no correlation with heart rate. There was no difference in T1 (p = 0.23) or T2 (p = 0.52) between genders. This study reports normal pediatric T1 and T2 values at a 1.5 Tesla scanner. T1 was dependent on age and heart rate, while T2 was less dependent on age with no correlation with heart rate. Keywords Tissue mapping · Native T1 · Cardiac magnetic resonance · Pediatric · Normal values
Introduction Parametric myocardial tissue mapping using cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) provides quantitative characterization of myocardial tissue [1]. Tissue mapping has been * Tarek Alsaied [email protected] 1
Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
2
Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
3
Cincinnati Children’s Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
4
Department of Statistics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
5
Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
6
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
increasingly used in adult cardiology and is clinically useful in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and myocarditis [2]. For example, the updated Lake Louise criteria to diagnose myocarditis in adults include an increase in T1 relaxation time as a sign of myocardial injury and T2 relaxation time as a sign of myocard
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