PEDOT:PSS microelectrode arrays for hippocampal cell culture electrophysiological recordings
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Research Letter
PEDOT:PSS microelectrode arrays for hippocampal cell culture electrophysiological recordings Dimitrios A. Koutsouras, Adel Hama, Jolien Pas, and Paschalis Gkoupidenis, Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France Bruno Hivert, Catherine Faivre-Sarrailh, and Eric Di Pasquale, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CRN2M, Marseille, France; CSO@MyEnterix, 13344 Marseille, France Róisín M. Owens*, and George G. Malliaras, Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France Address all Correspondence to George G. Malliaras at [email protected] (Received 23 February 2017; accepted 17 May 2017)
Abstract In vitro electrophysiology using microelectrode arrays (MEAs) plays an important role in understanding fundamental biologic processes, screening potential drugs and assessing the toxicity of chemicals. Low electrode impedance and ability to sustain viable cultures are the key technology requirements. We show that MEAs consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and coated with poly-L-lysine satisfy these requirements. Hippocampal cell cultures, maintained for 3–6 weeks on these MEAs, give high quality recordings of neural activity. This enables the observation of drug-induced activity changes, which paves the way for using these devices in in vitro drug screening and toxicology applications.
Introduction In vitro devices are playing a key part in modern neuroscience as they represent an efficient, easy to use and reliable way to record the electrical activity of neurons in cell cultures[1,2] and brain slices.[3,4] In vitro experiments allow a more profound understanding of the neural signaling mechanisms, and represent an important step for testing new technologies before applying them in vivo.[5,6] Moreover, in vitro models are of great importance in modern drug discovery as they promote a biologically-driven approach in drug development, in accordance with the new trend in pharmacological research that dictates the restriction of in vivo experiments due to ethical reasons.[7] More precisely, the development of alternative approaches to animal testing, consistent with the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) principle is a necessity. Finally, the REACH regulation is an extra driving force towards in vitro testing as it necessitates the acquisition of information regarding the toxicity of chemicals manufactured or imported in Europe at significant volumes.[8] Consequently, the design and validation of high performance in vitro screening platforms is very important. Hippocampal cell cultures represent a good example of a vehicle for in vitro testing, as these cells show a great variety of neural activity. Local field potentials and action potentials * This author was an editor of this journal during the review and decision stage. For the MRC policy on review and publication of manuscripts authored by editors, please refer to http://www.mrs.org/editor
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