Pepper mild mottle virus isolates from Peru induce severe symptoms in susceptible pepper plants and belong to the P 1,2
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Pepper mild mottle virus isolates from Peru induce severe symptoms in susceptible pepper plants and belong to the P1,2 pathotype Jefferson B. Vélez-Olmedo 1,2 & Cesar E. Fribourg 3 & Fernando L. Melo 1 & Tatsuya Nagata 4 & Athos S. de Oliveira 4 & Renato O. Resende 4 Received: 23 July 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia 2020
Abstract Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), a tobamovirus, has been reported worldwide infecting, especially, pepper plants. In this study, seven new PMMoV isolates were identified in symptomatic pepper plants collected in four departments of Peru. The majority of these isolates induced severe symptoms, including mottle, in susceptible pepper plants. Inoculation on pepper plants carrying four known functional L resistance alleles (L1, L2, L3, and L4) revealed that PMMoV isolates from Peru belong to the P1,2 pathotype. Therefore, pepper species or cultivars with L3 and L4 alleles displayed hypersensitive response after mechanical inoculation and were still resistant to PMMoV isolates circulating in Peru. Infection by PMMoV was monitored by serology (DAS-ELISA) and RT-PCR with degenerate primers. Virus genes were used to build a phylogenetic tree that showed diversity accumulation among the PMMoV isolates from Peru. Keywords L gene . Pathotype . Pepper . PMMoV . Resistance . Tobamovirus
Although there are almost a hundred of different plant viruses infecting pepper (Capsicum) species worldwide, tobamoviruses, such as pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and paprika mild mottle virus (PaMMV), are considered the most ubiquitous group due to their prevalence and agroeconomic importance (Kenyon et al. 2014). Holistic measures have been, therefore, necessary to control and maintain the production and quality of peppers against these viral pathogens. The genus Tobamovirus comprises the highest number of virus species within the family Virgaviridae (King et al. 2012). With unknown vectors, these viruses present single-
* Renato O. Resende [email protected] 1
Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
2
Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, 130105 Portoviejo, Ecuador
3
Departamento Académico de Fitopatología, Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina, Apartado 456, Lima, Peru
4
Dapartamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
stranded RNA genomes and virions shaped as rigid rods of 18 nm in diameter and 300 to 310 nm in length. In the genome, four genes were recognized encoding a structural protein and three nonstructural proteins. The coat protein (CP), the only one present in the virion, has about 17–18 kDa. The small replicase subunit protein (124–132 kDa) is a component of the viral replication complex and shares the same coding sequence with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp; 181–189 kDa) which is larger since it is translated by suppression of termination (ribosomal readthrough).
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