Perceived Discrimination and Cardiometabolic Risk Among US Hispanics/Latinos in the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Stu
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Perceived Discrimination and Cardiometabolic Risk Among US Hispanics/Latinos in the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study Rina S. Fox 1 & Mercedes R. Carnethon 2 & Linda C. Gallo 3,4 & Joshua F. Wiley 5 & Carmen R. Isasi 6 & Martha L. Daviglus 7 & Jianwen Cai 8 & Sonia M. Davis 8 & Aida L. Giachello 2 & Patricia Gonzalez 9 & Jessica L. McCurley 4 & Neil Schneiderman 10 & Frank J. Penedo 10 Published online: 24 June 2019 # International Society of Behavioral Medicine 2019
Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of cardiovascular risk factors including elevated blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, impaired fasting glucose, and abdominal obesity, which disproportionately affects Hispanics/Latinos. The present study examined associations between perceived discrimination and MetS in Hispanic/Latino adults from various background groups (i.e., Dominican, Central American, Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South American). Methods Data were obtained from 5174 Hispanics/Latinos who participated in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study. MetS components and covariates were measured at a baseline examination, and perceived discrimination was assessed within 9 months of baseline. Path analysis modeled associations of perceived discrimination with MetS prevalence and each of the six components of MetS, controlling for age, sex, income, acculturation, physical activity, diet, smoking, and alcohol use. Results Among the full cohort, perceived discrimination was not associated with MetS prevalence in any of the models evaluated. Higher perceived discrimination at work/school was associated with larger waist circumference. When examining background groups separately, higher perceived ethnicity-associated threat was related to increased MetS prevalence only among individuals of Central American background. Differential patterns of association between perceived discrimination and MetS components were found for different background groups. Conclusions Overall results suggested that perceived discrimination was not strongly or consistently associated with MetS among Hispanics/Latinos. Keywords Hispanic/Latino . Perceived discrimination . Metabolic syndrome . Cardiometabolic risk . Path analysis . Background groups
* Frank J. Penedo [email protected] Rina S. Fox [email protected]
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Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San D
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