Performance and mechanism of synchronous nitrate and phosphorus removal in constructed pyrite-based mixotrophic denitrif
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Performance and mechanism of synchronous nitrate and phosphorus removal in constructed pyrite-based mixotrophic denitrification system from secondary effluent Wen Zhang 1 & Fuyang Huang 1 & Weiwu Hu 1,2 Received: 9 January 2020 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The performance and process of the constructed pyrite-based mixotrophic denitrification (POMD) system using pyrite and residual organic matters as the co-electron donors were investigated for simultaneous removal of N and P from secondary effluent. After the batch experiments, 61.80 ± 3.26% of phosphate and 99.99 ± 0.01% of nitrate were removed, and the obtained nitrate removal rate constant can reach 2.09 days−1 in POMD system, which was significantly superior to that reported (0.95 day−1) in pyrite-based autotrophic denitrification (PAD) system. PO43−-P removal was mainly achieved via chemical precipitation as FePO4 with iron, and it was irrelevant with the initial nitrate and ammonium concentrations. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed the coexistence of heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifiers in the mixotrophic environment. The denitrification process could be divided into two stages according to the carbon balance and calculation of sulfate accumulation: (a) nitrate was mainly reduced heterotrophically during 12–36 h and (b) nitrate was reduced autotrophically after 36 h. The calculated proportion of heterotrophic denitrification was 58.17 ± 3.78%, which was promoted by a higher ammonium concentration. These findings are likely to be useful in understanding the mixotrophic denitrification process and developing a cost-effective technology to simultaneously remove N and P from secondary effluent. Keywords Pyrite . Nitrate . Phosphorus . Simultaneous removal . Mixotrophic denitrification . Secondary effluent
Introduction Highlights 1. The pyrite-based mixotrophic denitrification (POMD) system is constructed. 2. Simultaneous nutrient removal from oligotrophic secondary effluent is achieved. 3. A two-stage denitrification process can be observed in the POMD system. 4. High NH4+-N concentration can increase the ratio of heterotrophic denitrification. Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09780-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Weiwu Hu [email protected] 1
School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
2
The Journal Center, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
Eutrophication caused by excessive nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contaminants is an environmental issue of high concern nowadays (Boonchai and Seo 2015; Wang et al. 2015). The discharge of secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment p
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