Highly efficient nitrate and phosphorus removal and adsorption of tetracycline by precipitation in a chitosan/polyvinyl
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RESEARCH PAPER
Highly efficient nitrate and phosphorus removal and adsorption of tetracycline by precipitation in a chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol immobilized bioreactor Jun Feng Su1,2 · Guo Qing Li1 · Qiong Wen1 · Lei Xue1 · Chang Lun Chen1 · Ting Lin Huang1,2 Received: 26 January 2020 / Accepted: 25 April 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Single denitrification using bacteria has been widely investigated, but few studies have focused on the simultaneous removal of nitrate, phosphorus. and tetracycline. Strain L2, an iron-reducing bacteria, was immobilized using chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol to simultaneously remove nitrate and phosphorus. The effects of carbon/nitrogen ratio (1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1), initial Fe2+ concentration (0, 15, and 30 mg·L−1), and HRT (2, 4, and 6 h) were assessed in bioreactors and optimum conditions were established. Results showed that the nitrate and phosphorus removal efficiency reached 100.00% (2.697 mg·L–1·h–1) and 81.93% (1.533 mg·L–1·h–1) under the conditions of carbon/nitrogen of 2:1, F e2+ concentration of 30 mg·L−1 and HRT of 6 h. The precipitation of bioreactor, which identified as FeOOH by XRD, had significant adsorption on tetracycline. The results of high-throughput sequencing indicated that strain L2 played a significant role in denitrification. This bioreactor provided effective method for the treatment of polluted water contaminated by nitrate, phosphorus, and tetracycline. Graphic abstract
Keywords Denitrification · Phosphorus removal · Bacterial immobilized reactor · Tetracycline adsorption · Highthroughput sequencing * Jun Feng Su [email protected]
Introduction
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The reduction in water quality caused by the influx of external nutrients due to the rapid increase in domestic urbanization and economic development, has attracted increasing research attention worldwide [1, 2]. High concentrations of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P),
School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
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can lead to poor water quality and eutrophication of surface water [3]. Furthermore, excessive nitrate or nitrite concentrations will cause further water quality deterioration and induce various adverse effects on human health, such as blue baby syndrome and gastrointestinal cancer [4, 5]. Techniques for the removal of phosphorus from surface water has been extensively studied [6, 7], but research indicating that phosphorus pollution in groundwater is more common than previously thought and can be a main cause of lake eutrophication [8]. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop a novel, facile, and efficient approach to remove nitrate and phosphorus from groundwater. Biological denitrification is one of the most economical and widely used remediation methods, where denitrifying bacteria use nitrate
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