Performance improvement of plug-and-play dual-phase-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution with quantum
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Performance improvement of plug-and-play dual-phase-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution with quantum catalysis Xiaodong Wu1 · Yijun Wang1 · Hai Zhong2 · Wei Ye2 · Duan Huang2 · Ying Guo1 Received: 8 January 2020 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Continuous-variable quantum key distribution based on plug-and-play dual-phasemodulated coherent-states (DPMCS) protocol has been proved to be equivalent to the one-way Gaussian-modulated coherent-states protocol, but it is not just limited to this. This protocol can effectively against the LO-aimed attacks and maintain the system robust. However, the maximum transmission distance of the protocol is restricted due to its large excess noise. In this paper, we enhance the plug-and-play DPMCS protocol using quantum catalysis operation, which can be implemented by the existing technologies. To further highlight the advantage of the implementation of quantum catalysis operation, we make performance comparison not only between the proposed protocol and the original scheme but also the single-photon subtraction-based (SPS) plug-and-play DPMCS protocol. Security analysis shows that the proposed protocol can extend the maximum transmission distance up to hundreds of kilometers even under the effect of the imperfect source noise and show more excellent performance than the SPS-based plug-and-play DPMCS protocol. Furthermore, we also take the finite-size effect into consideration and thus achieve more practical results than those obtained in the asymptotic limit. Keywords Plug-and-play · Dual-phase-modulated · Continuous-variable quantum key distribution · Quantum catalysis
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Duan Huang [email protected] Ying Guo [email protected]
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School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China 0123456789().: V,-vol
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1 Introduction Quantum key distribution (QKD) whose security is based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics, enables two distant parties, Alice and Bob, to generate a common secret key over an insecure quantum channel and an authenticated classical channel [1–3]. Continuous-variable (CV) QKD, one of the basic classes of QKD protocols, encodes the information on the quadratures of the quantized electromagnetic field and decodes it by employing high-efficiency homodyne or heterodyne detection, which shows a major advantage over its discrete-variable counterpart in terms of the cost and simplicity of hardware implementation [4–6]. Among many CVQKD schemes, the one-way Gaussian-modulated coherent state (GMCS) protocol [6] has received extensive attention mainly because of its proven theoretical security [7–12] and its practical implementation [13–16]. However, the requirement for transmitting quantum signal together with a strong local oscillator (LO) in one-way GMCS protocol would suffer practical attacks from eavesdroppers suc
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