Performance of photocatalytic ozonation process for pentachlorophenol (PCP) removal in aqueous solution using graphene-T
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Performance of photocatalytic ozonation process for pentachlorophenol (PCP) removal in aqueous solution using graphene-TiO2 nanocomposite (UV/G-TiO2/O3) Mohammad Ali Zazouli 1 & Maryam Yousefi 2
&
Farshid Ghanbari 3 & Esmaeil Babanezhad 4
Received: 26 January 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of photocatalytic ozonation process using graphene-dioxide titanium nanocomposite in removing Pentachlorophenol (PCP) from aqueous solutions. In this study, nanocomposites with graphene to TiO2(G/T) ratios of 1:10 and 1:20 were synthesized by hydrothermal method, and its characteristics were assessed using various analyses, SEM, XRD, FTIR, TEM, BET and TGA. In this process, the effects of parameters including O3 concentration (0.25– 1.25 mg/L), nanocomposite concentration (50–500 mg/L), initial PCP concentration (10–100 mg/L), and time (10–60 min), were studied. The results showed that PCP removal efficiency was increased by decreasing solute concentration. Increasing nanocomposite dose to 100 mg/L was led to an increase in efficiency (99.1%), but then a decreasing trend was observed. Increasing the concentration of ozone, up to specific value, also enhanced the efficiency but then had a negative effect on process efficiency. Furthermore, the optimum ratio of the catalyst was determined to be 1:20. The highest efficiency of the process for initial pentachlorophenol concentration of 100 mg/L was obtained 98.82% in optimum conditions (catalyst dose of 100 mg/L and 60 min). It is concluded that the photocatalytic ozonation process using graphene-dioxide titanium nanocomposite had the highest efficiency in removal and mineralization of PCP. Keywords Pentachlorophenol . Ozonation . Photocatalysis . Nanocomposite . Graphene . Titanium dioxide
Introduction * Maryam Yousefi [email protected] Mohammad Ali Zazouli [email protected] Farshid Ghanbari [email protected] Esmaeil Babanezhad [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
2
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
3
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Medical Siences, Abadan, Iran
4
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
The existence of non-biodegradable organic compounds in the chemical and petrochemical industries has become one of the major environmental challenges. The presence of such compounds in the environment and its entry into water resources have altered the chemical and physical quality of the water and have made it impossible to use [1]. Among the various types of organic matter, pentachlorophenol (PCP), which is a priority pollutant, is widely used in the manu
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