Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using NaOH-treated rice husk
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using NaOH-treated rice husk Shagufta Zafar 1,2 & Muhammad Imran Khan 3 & Mushtaq Hussain Lashari 4 & Majeda Khraisheh 5 & Fares Almomani 5 Muhammad Latif Mirza 2 & Nasir Khalid 6
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Received: 24 December 2019 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The present study investigates the removal of copper ions (Cu (II)) from aqueous solution using chemically treated rice husk (TRH). The chemical treatment was carried out using NaOH solution and the effect of contact time (tc), adsorbent dosage (Dad), initial Cu (II) concentration ([Cu]i), and temperature (T) on the percentage removals of Cu (II) (%RCu) were investigated. Different analytical techniques (FTIR, SEM, and EDX) were used to confirm the adsorption (ads) of Cu (II) onto the TRH. The ads kinetics was tested against pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) models as well as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Treating RH with NaOH altered the surface and functional groups, and on the surface of RH, the ionic ligands with high electro-attraction to Cu increased and thus improved the removal efficiency. The %RCu decreased by increasing the [Cu]i and increased by increasing the ct, Dad, and T. Up to 97% Cu removal was achieved in ct of 30 min using Dad of 0.3 g [Cu]i of 25 mg L−1 and T = 280 K. The ads of Cu on TRH is endothermic, spontaneous, follows Langmuir isotherms, and exhibited a PSO kinetics. Moreover, the TRH was successfully regenerated and used for further adsorption cycles using 1 M HNO3. Keywords Adsorption . Desorption . Copper ion . Treated rice husk . Kinetics . Isotherms . Thermodynamics
1 Introduction Shagufta Zafar and Muhammad Imran Khan contributed equally to this work. * Fares Almomani [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur 63000, Pakistan
2
Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
3
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 West Xianning Road, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
4
Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
5
Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
6
Chemistry Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, PO Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
Water contamination with heavy metals is considered a global issue and caused great concern worldwide [7]. Toxic metal ions can be introduced to the water body from different industrial effluents such as metal plating facilities, mining operations, fertilizer industries, tanneries, batteries, paper industries, and pesticides. Heavy metals are extremely toxic, non-biodegradable, and do not undergo thermal degradation, and once they enter the food chain, they can accumulate at low concentrations in the living organisms [26, 62, 104, 105]. Therefore it has become imperative to develop a treatment process for the removal of such w
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