Periodic Time-Varying Observer-Based Learning Control of A/F Ratio in Multi-cylinder IC Engines
This paper presents an air–fuel ratio control scheme via individual fuel injection for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines. The aim of presented control scheme is to improve air–fuel ratio precision by real-time compensation of the unknown offset i
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Abstract This paper presents an air–fuel ratio control scheme via individual fuel injection for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines. The aim of presented control scheme is to improve air–fuel ratio precision by real-time compensation of the unknown offset in the fuel path of individual cylinder, which represents the effect of the cylinder-to-cylinder imbalance caused by the perturbations in each injector gain or disturbances in the dynamics of fuel injection path. First, the fueling-toexhaust gas mixing system is treated as single-input single-output (SISO) periodic time-varying system where the input is fuel injection command for each cylinder and the output is the air–fuel ratio measured at each exhaust bottom dead center (BDC). Then, a periodic time-varying observer is presented that provides an estimation of the internal state of the system. Based on the presented observer, an iterative learning control strategy is proposed to compensate the unknown offset. The effectiveness of the learning control scheme will be demonstrated with the simulation and experiment results conducted on a commercial car used engine with six cylinders.
1 Introduction For the internal combustion engines with multi-cylinders, individual cylinder actuation is an effective way to achieve high performance of the emission and the torque generation. Recently, due to the rapid progress in the technology of car electronics and electrical control unit (ECU), the individual cylinder control problem has begun to attract the attention of researchers in engine control community. For example, the literatures [1–3, 8, 9] addressed the air–fuel ratio control problem based on the estimation of the individual air–fuel ratio in each cylinder. The air–fuel ratio or torque balancing with individual fueling or variable valve timing is investigated by [4].
T. Hara ⋅ T. Shen (✉) ⋅ Y. Mutoh ⋅ Y. Liu Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 V. Sgurev et al. (eds.), Recent Contributions in Intelligent Systems, Studies in Computational Intelligence 657, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41438-6_5
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Meanwhile, when an engine is operated on a static mode, the effect of cylinder-tocylinder imbalance might be equivalently represented as offset in the level of actuation signal of each cylinder. If we focus on the air–fuel ratio control problem, the variation of the air–fuel ratio measured at the exhaust manifold, which caused by the perturbation of fuel mass injected into each cylinder, can be regarded as constant offset in each fuel injection path. As it is shown in [6], at a static mode, the dynamics of BDC-scaled air–fuel ratio under individually actuated fuel injection, which is denoted as single input delivered to each cylinder according the crank angle, can be represented as periodic time-varying linear system, where the periodic time-varying parameter is due to the difference between the characteristics of each cylinder.
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