Personality profile and depression in migraine: a meta-analysis
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Personality profile and depression in migraine: a meta-analysis Federica Garramone 1 & Chiara Baiano 1 & Antonio Russo 2 & Alfonsina D’Iorio 1 & Gioacchino Tedeschi 2 & Luigi Trojano 1 & Gabriella Santangelo 1 Received: 24 June 2019 / Accepted: 22 November 2019 # Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia 2019
Abstract Background Despite the clinical importance of psychological factors in migraine, the relationship between personality traits, depression, and migraine has been poorly investigated. Objective To delineate the personality profile distinctive for migraineurs and to explore the relationship between personality traits and depression in migraineurs compared to non-migraineurs. Methods A systematic literature search was performed up to March 2019 using PsycInfo (PROQUEST), PubMed and Scopus. Sixteen primary studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Results The meta-analysis on the personality defined according to Psychobiological model revealed high Harm Avoidance (Hedges’g = 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01–0.60), Persistence (Hedges’g = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.01to − 0.72) and low self-directedness (Hedges’g = − 0.33; 95% CI = −0.57 to − 0.09) in migraineurs. The meta-analysis on the personality defined according to Three Factor Model revealed high neuroticism (Hedges’g = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.32–0.63) and low extraversion (Hedges’g = − 0.08; 95% CI = − 0.14 to − 0.03) in migraineurs. Meta-regression analysis revealed that neuroticism moderated the relationship between depression and migraine. Conclusion The findings evidenced that migraine is characterized by specific personality traits. Among them, neuroticism influenced the severity of depression in migraineurs, and, therefore, an early evaluation of the personality traits could allow identifying patients susceptible to develop migraine-associated psychopathological symptoms. Keywords Depression . Meta-analysis . Migraine . Personality traits
Introduction Personality is defined as a set of psychological qualities related to feelings, thoughts and behaviours [1]. Many theories of personality structure have been proposed but the most widely known are the Psychobiological Model [2], the Big-Five Model [3] and Eysenck’s Three-Factor Model [4]. These models share the idea that personality can be described in Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-019-04174-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Gabriella Santangelo [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
2
Headache Center, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
terms of several factors but differ from each other in the number and in the formal characteristics of such factors, and in the specific tools needed to assess them. The Psychobiological Model (PM) [2] explored the se
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