Perspectives of Biological Analysis in Latin America Using Multi and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography: A
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REVIEW
Perspectives of Biological Analysis in Latin America Using Multi and Comprehensive Two‑Dimensional Gas Chromatography: A Mini‑review Miriany Avelino Moreira Fernandez1 · Leiliane Coelho André2 · Zenilda de Lourdes Cardeal3 Received: 9 September 2019 / Revised: 21 February 2020 / Accepted: 25 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Multi and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography application have been increasingly mentioned in different countries. This technique increases the efficiency of peak separation in chromatographic analysis, minimizing problems due to the presence of interfering compounds in the analysis, especially in complex matrices. In Latin America, it has been applied to different areas of study. However, biological samples have been reported in a small number of applications. This mini-review addresses studies where the multi and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography technique have been applied to biological samples’ analyses. Biological matrices are generally complex, and sample preparation usually requires a large number of steps to minimize potential interferences. The main areas of study described were related to doping control analysis and biomarker analysis. The urine sample was the main type of biological sample used in the studies. Studies have shown that results obtained by two-dimensional gas chromatography or supported or not by mathematical tools allow high efficiency in solving problems such as coelution. However, the small number of works published with the participation of Latin American researchers indicate that equipment price, especially when mass spectrometry is used as a detector, has a limiting factor in its wide application. Keywords Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography · Multidimensional gas chromatography · Biological samples · Latin America
Introduction The development of chromatography has brought advances in the field of chemistry focused on chemical analysis. Improvement of the technique allowed reaching low limits of detection and quantification for different sample types, among which are biological samples. Since biological matrices are generally complex, the use of GC × GC can remove * Miriany Avelino Moreira Fernandez [email protected] 1
Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, MG 37200900, Brazil
2
Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, FAFAR, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270901, Brazil
3
Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270901, Brazil
coelution between interferents and analytes and thereby minimize possible chromatographic analysis errors. Conventional gas chromatography (1D GC) has been widely applied in Latin America; moreover, the use of heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph
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