Pesticides use, practice and its effect on honeybee in Ethiopia: a review
- PDF / 347,327 Bytes
- 9 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 44 Downloads / 173 Views
MINI-REVIEW
Pesticides use, practice and its effect on honeybee in Ethiopia: a review Zekiros Fikadu 1 Received: 13 September 2019 / Accepted: 27 January 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Honeybees play an essential economic role in the pollination of crops. Farmers were buying, storing, and use pesticides on cultivated plants with no or little consideration of the effect on honeybees. In Ethiopia, pesticide poisoning of honeybees has increased from time to time, and beekeepers also lose their colonies due to unwise use and improper practice of pesticides. Ethiopia has developed a legal framework on pesticide registration, distribution, and use. But regulations are not strictly implemented by the farmers, and it needs enforcement. Farmers use pesticides on crops with no or little consideration of their effect on honeybees, also the use of pesticides is harmful to pollination service, behavior, communication, forage resource, poisoning, and contaminated hive products. The Effective communication between beekeepers and crop growers is important because spraying pesticides is required to minimize the impact of pesticides on honeybees. The present review should focus on the effects of pesticide use and the means of reducing its impact on honeybee colonies. Keywords Effect . Honeybee . Pesticide . Pollination . Use
Introduction Pesticide refers to a wide range of compounds including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, molluscicides and plant growth regulators. Pesticides use as crop pesticides in the agricultural sector were introduced in Ethiopia with the development of commercial farms in the beginning 1960s (EPA 2004; Mengistie 2016a, 2016b). Following the introduction, use of chemical pesticides was applied as integrated package projects including the Chilalo Agricultural Development Unit (CADU), Wolaita Agricultural Development Unit (WADU), Minimum Package Project (MPP) under the Extension and Project Implementation Department (EPID) by the Ministry of Agriculture (Tadesse 2016). Ethiopia imports diverse types of pesticide with the amount expected bout 3346.32 metric tons annually (Gizachew 2011).
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00114-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Zekiros Fikadu [email protected] 1
Department of Animal Science, Shire Campus, Aksum University, Shire, Ethiopia
Agrochemical poisoning, lack of equipment, pest and predators are found to be the top three challenges for the beekeeping industry and about three-quarters of beekeepers lost their colonies due to sprayed agrochemicals (Mengistu and Beyene 2014). Improper use of pesticides in crop production is a source of socio-economic conflict among farmers. In Ethiopia, the poisoning of honeybees by application of pesticides has increased from time to time, and some beekeepers were also lost all their colonies due to agrochemical application (Kerealem et al. 2009). Insecticides and herbicides had been reported as
Data Loading...
