Petroleum Geoscience From Sedimentary Environments to Rock Physics
Petroleum geoscience comprises those geoscientific disciplines which are of greatest significance for the exploration and recovery of oil and gas. These include petroleum geology, of which sedimentary geology is the main foundation along with the contextu
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Knut Bjørlykke
Petroleum Geoscience: From Sedimentary Environments to Rock Physics
With contributions from Per Avseth, Jan Inge Faleide, Roy H. Gabrielsen, Nils-Martin Hanken, Kaare Høeg, Jens Jahren, Martin Landrø, Nazmul Haque Mondol, Jenø Nagy and Jesper Kresten Nielsen.
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Knut Bjørlykke Department of Geosciences University of Oslo 0316 Oslo Blindern Norway [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-02331-6 e-ISBN 978-3-642-02332-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-02332-3 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010921863 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Petroleum geology is not a well-defined academic subject. It includes many different aspects of the Earth sciences which are used in petroleum exploration and production. Nearly all types of insight can in some cases be useful in petroleum exploration, but there are some disciplines that are most relevant. Since petroleum is formed and hosted in sedimentary rocks, sedimentology is critical. Palaeontology is important for dating rocks and carbonate reservoirs may consist mostly of fossils. Structural geology and basin analysis are also vital for reconstructing the migration and trapping of petroleum. Geochemistry and petroleum chemistry are also important. Geophysical methods are essential for logging and seismic exploration, and recently electromagnetic methods have also been used in exploration and production. Most universities do not offer specific courses in petroleum geology/geophysics and only a few have a Masters or PhD programmes in this field. Oil companies therefore recruit many geologists with little training in these subjects. In this book we have tried to give a basic introduction to disciplines relevant to petroleum exploration and we have also included some aspects of petroleum production. Since so many different disciplines are included in this book it is clear that it has not been possible to make in-depth treatments of each of these. This book provides a relatively condensed and precise presentation of the basic facts in each sub
