Phenol red dyed bis thiourea cadmium acetate monocrystal growth and characterization for optoelectronic applications
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ARTICLE Phenol red dyed bis thiourea cadmium acetate monocrystal growth and characterization for optoelectronic applications Vanga Ganesh and Mohd. Shkira) Advanced Functional Materials and Optoelectronics Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; and Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
Kamlesh Kumar Maurya National Physical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi 110012, India
I.S. Yahia and Salem AlFaifyb) Advanced Functional Materials and Optoelectronics Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia (Received 3 May 2018; accepted 25 June 2018)
Phenol red dyed bis thiourea cadmium acetate (BTCA) crystals of ;30 10 6 mm dimension have been grown for the first time using the slow evaporation solution technique. Diffuse reflectance measurements show absorption bands at 363 and 563 nm in the doped crystal. Optical energy gap was calculated to be 4–5 eV. Photoluminescence spectra were recorded using 320 nm excitation source. The chemical etching study was done and etch pit density was found to be reduced from 4.5 103/cm2 (pure) to 3.0 102/cm2 (dyed). Mechanical strength is increased from 74.1 kg/mm2 for pure to 94.7 kg/mm2 for dyed crystals. The enriched properties of BTCA in the presence of dye suggest that the dyed crystals will be more applicable compared to pure crystals.
I. INTRODUCTION
Demand for efficient nonlinear optical crystals has attracted many researchers in the field of photonics due to their wide usage in laser frequency converters, high pulsed lasers,1,2 electro-optical modulators, and Q-switching devices.3 Organic and semi-organic crystals have fulfilled all the above-mentioned applications for few decades. But their usage is limited in pure form due to low thermal conductivity, low SHG efficiency, and high intrinsic polarizability. To overcome such key factors, many researchers have incorporated a variety of dopants like amino acids, metal ions, nonmetal ions, and dyes in the crystal matrix.4–8 Dying of the crystals is important for a variety of solid-state dye lasers. The importance and incorporation of dye molecules in solution-grown crystals have been studied by many researchers: especially, Kahr et al.9 extensively discussed the importance of dye incorporation in a wide variety of organic, inorganic, and semi-organic crystals in terms of their habit modification and structural change. Kahr and Shtukenberga10 also discussed the dying of biological, optical, and electrical important crystals in various structural aspects. The effect of Violamine R dye, DCM dye, and pyranine dye in KAP and K2SO4 was
studied by Kristin et al. by the single-molecule confocal microscopy study and concluded the incorporation of dye molecules.11 Similarly, there are many articles which clearly show the importance of dye-doped crystals in various aspects like growth factors, habit mod
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