Synthesis, characterization and application of novel 1, 3-bis[(furan-2-l)methylene]thiourea functional dye on wool and c
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Synthesis, characterization and application of novel 1, 3‑bis[(furan‑2‑l) methylene]thiourea functional dye on wool and cotton fabrics J. M. Jabar1 · K. A. Alabi2 · A. K. Lawal2 Received: 23 July 2020 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Novel 1,3-bis[(furan-2-yl) methylene]thiourea (BFMT) dye was synthesized from condensation reaction between sugarcane bagasse derived furfural and thiourea. The synthesized BFMT dye was characterized by physicochemical (melting point and CHN) and spectrometry (UV–Vis, FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) analyses. The synthesized BFMT dye was screened for its antimicrobial (antibiotic and antifungal) properties. BFMT dye was applied on wool and cotton fabrics. The functional properties of BFMT dyed fabrics (color value, color strength, fastness properties, antimicrobial activities, ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), and mechanical properties) were assessed. Chemical composition of synthesized BFMT dye was determined by CHN analyzer, while its structure was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectrometry analyses. BFMT dye solution showed reddish brown complementary color with λmax 485 nm on UV–Visible spectrophotometer. The antibiotic property of the synthesized dye was moderate, while antifungal property was excellent on tested microorganisms. BFMT dyed wool and cotton fabrics displayed good mechanical properties, air permeability, water vapor permeability and wetability. Dyed fabrics possessed excellent exhaustion (> 80%), fastness properties, ultraviolet protection factor (UPF > 40) and fungal growth inhibition rate (> 70%). Keywords BFMT dye · Functional properties · Furfural · Spectrometry · Ultraviolet protection factor
1 Introduction Textile apparels (clothing materials) are conventionally used for covering human body since pre-historical time [1]. These days, people demand for functional textile materials with attributes like attractive color for religious, social and comfort purposes [2]. Others are antimicrobial, resilience, crease free and ultraviolet light protection for medical and sport wears, flame retardancy and high mechanical strength for fire fighter garment [3]. Textile materials were first colored with natural dyes during Egyptians’ civilization era. Egyptians later had tyran purple dyed silk, cotton and wool fabrics as customary symbol for royalty [4]. Ancient writers attributed antimicrobial and ultraviolet
protective properties, besides attractive color to natural dyes extracted from Bridelia ferugginea, Moringa oleifera, Acacia nilotica, Terminalia chebula, Quercus robur, curcuma longa, Bixa orellana etc. [5]. Other merits of natural dyes to textile industry, consumers and environment are availability of precursors, biodegradability, safe handling and eco-friendly nature [6]. Food, cosmetics, drinks, photography, medicines and leather industries are some of other areas where natural dyes were used [7]. Low yield, Poor fastness properties, high cost, lack of uniformity and irreproducibility are some of demerits faced by natural dye c
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