Philosophy An Introduction
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J
M. Bochenski /PHILOSOPHY
AN INTRODUCTION
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
WEGE ZUM PHILOSOPHISCHEN DENKEN
First Pllblished by Verlag Herder KG Freiburg im Breisgau, Germa'!Y TransJated by William M. Newell
ISBN 978-94-010-3622-1 DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-3620-7
ISBN 978-94-010-3620-7 (eBook)
AII rights reserved No pari of Ihis book 1II~'V be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprinl, microfilm, or any other means witholll permission from the pllblisher
Table of Contents page
6
TRANSLATOR'S NOTE
7
FOREWORD
9
LAW
2.0
PHILOSOPHY
31
KNOWLEDGE
42.
TRUTH
53
THINKING
63
VALUES
73
MAN
83
BEING
93
SOCIETY
102.
THE ABSOLUTE
I
In this, as in all translations of philosophical works, there are certain words or phrases which will most likely strike the reader, at first glance, as awkward or unorthodox. Such difficulties, although undesirable, cannot be avoided. A German philosophical text of this nature contains some substantives which have no standard or philosophical equivalent in English. The word sein, for example, when expanded into Seiende assumes a meaning which is not quite captured by the English 'being'. In an effort to remain true to the original text but yet avoid ambiguities, I have used some expressions which are to be understood only in a very narrow and defined way. At times, this has resulted in a certain unevenness but, in a work of this type, stylistic smoothness must be sacrificed for clarity and precision. I am greatly indebted to Ernest Hankamer of Munich, Germany, for his helpful suggestions in clarifying many points of the German text, and for his aid in examining the entire translation. His assistance has been invaluable. The translator is responsible, of course, for any remaining inaccuracies or inconsistencies. TRANSLATOR'S NOTE
Munich, June 196z
Foreword These ten lectures were held on the ' Special Program' of the Bavarian Radio during Ml!J, June and JulY of I9JS. For publication, I have changed the text onlY in small stylistic details " otherwise it remains for the reader as it was given on the radio. This ml!J also explain the special character of this small volume. Its content is ofa very popular nature. NaturallY, I can make no claim to completeness, either in the listing ofphilosophical directions or in the presentation of problems. My goal was rather to explain to those listeners unoriented in philosophy, hy means of some problems, what philo.rophy is and how it approaches its objects. Therefore, it cannot be objected - although I regret it myself- that,forexample, the 'existentialist' concept of man, the Hegelian objective mind and similar things haven't even been mentioned. A choice had to be made, and the short time of twenty seven minutes sometimes forced me to delete some things alrea4J written. These discussions could have been carried out actuallY in two Wl!JS. One would be the 'o~iective', non-partisan presentation of some views without the author's revealing his own point of view. The other consists in maintaining a certain standpoint fr
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