Phosphomolybdic ionic liquid supported hydroxyapatite for heterogeneous oxidative desulfurization of fuels
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RESEARCH PAPER
Phosphomolybdic ionic liquid supported hydroxyapatite for heterogeneous oxidative desulfurization of fuels Aiqing Tang & Chuanhai Gu & Guofeng Zhan & Zhihui Zhang & Wenshuai Zhu & Chunyan Dai & Ming Zhang & Linhua Zhu
Received: 17 December 2019 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract With the continual air pollution and environmental issues caused by the combustions of sulfurcontaining fuels, the desulfurization in transport fuels becomes a crucial topic worldwide. In this study, a kind of phosphomolybdic ionic liquid–supported hydroxyapatite was successfully designed and employed as a Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-020-04961-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. A. Tang : C. Gu : L. Zhu College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China A. Tang : L. Zhu Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Haikou 571158, China G. Zhan : Z. Zhang Jialifeng Technology Company Limited Company, Jiaxing 314000 Zhejiang, China W. Zhu : M. Zhang (*) Institute for Energy Research & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China e-mail: [email protected] C. Dai : L. Zhu Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China L. Zhu (*) Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK e-mail: [email protected]
catalyst for heterogeneous oxidative desulfurization in fuel. The prepared catalysts were characterized via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Xray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), which confirmed that phosphomolybdic ionic liquid was successfully immobilized on hydroxyapatite. With the prepared sample n-[Pmim]PMo/HAP, the sulfur removal could reach 97.2% under mild conditions. Furthermore, the supported catalyst has excellent recyclability and utilization foreground. Keywords Polyoxometalate . Ionic liquid . Heterogeneous oxidative desulfurization . Hydroxyapatite . Nanostructured catalysts . Environmental effects
Introduction At present, sulfur compounds in oil, coal, natural gas, and ore will produce harmful substances such as smoke, sulfur aerosol, and acid rain during combustion and processing (Bolgov and Demin 2018; Karaca et al. 2018; Liu et al. 2019). In particular, with the rapid growth of the number of vehicles in the world, fuel consumption has increased dramatically, and the sulfide produced has a severe adverse impact on the environment (Bal et al. 2018; Wei et al. 2018). Scientists worldwide are striving to study desulfurization technology to reduce the negative impact of sulfur compounds in fuel on the environment. At present, traditional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) (Ji et al. 2016; Ribeiro
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et al. 2013; Tian et al. 2015; Wang et al. 2010; Xiong et al. 2014; Yang et al. 2018a; Yang et al. 2017; Zhao et al.
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