Phosphorus recovery by struvite from anaerobic co-digestion effluents during residual biomass treatment
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Phosphorus recovery by struvite from anaerobic co-digestion effluents during residual biomass treatment Carolina Ochoa 1 & Mario A. Hernández 2 & Olga L. Bayona 1 & Hernando A. Camargo 1 & Iván O. Cabeza 3 Angélica M. Candela 1
&
Received: 19 April 2020 / Revised: 5 November 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The residual biomass from agricultural activities has macronutrients and micronutrients, which could be recovered after an anaerobic co-digestion process. In this study, the effluents of the anaerobic co-digestion, which use coffee, cocoa mucilage, and pig manure, were evaluated to produce struvite. The effects of the Ca2+/PO43− ratio on the purity of struvite precipitation from synthetic and anaerobic co-digestion effluents was evaluated. The influence of pH, Ca2+/PO43− ration, and stirring speed on the efficiency of PO43− recovery and the removal of Ca2+ was studied. The phosphorus recovery increased from 85 to 99% with pH change from 8.5 to 10. The lowest removal of Ca2+ was 6.6% in the anaerobic effluent with the a ratio Ca2+/PO43− of 0.3:1 at pH 10. Struvite precipitate with high purity was obtained when the molar ratio was less than 0.3:1, and the pH was fixed to 10. Xray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the orthorhombic phases and morphology typical of struvite, respectively. In addition, the presence of K as a macronutrient and Ca and Na as micronutrients increases the viability of the struvite as fertilizer. The high recovery of phosphorus as struvite indicates it could be an alternative for nutrient recovery and utilization of these effluents. Keywords Agricultural biomass . Anaerobic co-digestion . Calcium concentration . Phosphate concentration . Struvite
1 Introduction Anaerobic digestion is a widely used technology to stabilize the organic matter of animal manure and produce energy in the form of biogas [1]. However, although anaerobic treatment provides benefits such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, odor control, and pathogen reduction, nutrient removal remains a limitation for technology adoption [2, 3]. Anaerobic digestion effluents contain high phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations related to the problem of eutrophication and algae proliferation. Therefore, further treatment is necessary to
* Mario A. Hernández [email protected] 1
Facultad de Química Ambiental, Universidad Santo Tomás, Carrera 27 180-395, Floridablanca, Colombia
2
Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad EAN, Calle 79 11-45, Bogotá, Colombia
3
Facultad de Ingenieria Ambiental, Universidad Santo Tomás, Carrera 9 51-11, Bogotá, Colombia
eliminate these nutrients before discharging them to water bodies causing contamination of surface and underground water sources [1, 3, 4]. On the other hand, phosphorus, currently its main source of extraction, is a phosphoric rock, a nonrenewable geological reserve. This process has been carried out to accomplish agricultural fertilizer needs a
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