Phosphate recovery and simultaneous nitrogen removal from urine by electrochemically induced struvite precipitation
- PDF / 4,889,269 Bytes
- 12 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 78 Downloads / 194 Views
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Phosphate recovery and simultaneous nitrogen removal from urine by electrochemically induced struvite precipitation Xin Tan 1 & Rongtai Yu 2 & Gang Yang 1 & Feng Wei 1 & Lulu Long 1 & Fei Shen 1 & Jun Wu 1 & Yanzong Zhang 1 Received: 11 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The direct discharge of urine into water bodies leads to environmental pollution, and an increase in the water treatment cost, whereas recycling of the nutrients in urine is of significant economic value. A single-compartment reactor was investigated for the recycling of phosphate and simultaneous removal of nitrogen from urine wastewater by electrochemical magnesium induction, and electrochemical oxidation for the removal of residual nitrogen from the supernatant. The results demonstrated that phosphate recovery capacity was greater than 11 mg P cm−2 h−1 at a current density of 15 m A cm−2 and anodizing time of 20 min; the removal rates of ammonium and total nitrogen in the synchronous electrochemical oxidation were 80% and 75%, respectively, at a current density of 45 m A cm−2 and anodizing time of 60 min. The anodizing time and initial pH were determined to be critical control factors in the electrochemical struvite induction and nitrogen electrochemical oxidation. The on-site electrochemical nitrogen oxidation could rapidly utilize the alkaline supernatant following phosphate recovery. Thus, the integration of the single-compartment reactor, electrochemical magnesium dosage, and simultaneous nitrogen electrochemical oxidation demonstrates potential for application to decentralized reactors to treat source-separated urine. Keyword Electrochemical induction . Magnesium ammonium phosphate . Electrochemical oxidation . Yellow water . Bi-anode . Single-compartment reactor
Introduction Urine, also known as yellow water or greywater, contributes 80– 90% of nitrogen and 45–60% of phosphorus with a volumetric flow of less than 1% to wastewater treatment plants (Wei et al. 2018). As reported by Kabdaşlı and Tünay (2018), the urinary output of adults is 1–1.5 L per day (half for children), which is an Responsible Editor: Ta Yeong Wu Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10924-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Rongtai Yu [email protected] * Gang Yang [email protected] 1
College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
2
School of Materials Science and Engineering Institution, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen 333403, Jiangxi, China
average of 500 L per year. The total nitrogen (TN), total phosphate, and potassium (K) content in urine is 7–9 g/L, 0.2–0.21 g/L, and 0.9–1.1 g/L, respectively (Kabdaşlı and Tünay 2018). The world population is approximately 7.5 billion; therefore, the annual nutrient emission is approximately 25,000 kg of nitrogen, 1,800 kg of phosphorus, and 5,500 kg of potassium (Larsen 202
Data Loading...
