Photobiomodulation promotes neural regeneration when compared to simvastatin treatment in a sciatic nerve crush model
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Photobiomodulation promotes neural regeneration when compared to simvastatin treatment in a sciatic nerve crush model Luana Gabriel de Souza 1 & Ketlyn Germann Hendler 1 & Alexandre Márcio Marcolino 1 & Heloyse Uliam Kuriki 1 & Ramon Bauer Cardoso 1 & Marisa de Cássia Registro Fonseca 2 & Rafael Inácio Barbosa 1,3 Received: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract To determine whether the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) were associated with the use of Simvastatin in the functional recovery from sciatic nerve in mice submitted to crush injury. Fifty Swiss mice (approximately 3 months old; average weight 40 g) were randomly divided into six groups: naive, sham, control, PBM (660 nm, 10 J/cm2; 30 mW; 0.6 J per day for 28 days; 0.06 cm2; 16.8 J total and 20 s), Simvastatin (20 mg/kg), and PBM/Simv (association of the two protocols). The sciatic functional index (SFI), thermal heat hyperalgesia, mechanical hyperalgesia, and thermographic evaluation were used as analyses. The evaluations were performed preoperatively and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the initial injury analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for mixed models followed by the Bonferroni post-test. All groups except sham and naive presented an SFI compatible with severe peripheral nerve injury on the 7th day of evaluation. The PBM group presented better results in the SFI analysis (p < 0.001) on the 21st postoperative day compared to the control group. This benefit was maintained when compared to the Simvastatin (p < 0.001) and PBM/Simv groups (p < 0.01). The results of the thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and thermography analyses were not significant (p > 0.05). The obtained results showed that PBM alone was more effective compared to Simvastatin alone or PBM combined with Simvastatin for sciatic nerve injury in mice. Keywords Low-level laser therapy . Simvastatin . Crush injury . Peripheral nerve . Regeneration . Electrophysical agents
Introduction Peripheral nerve system (PNS) damage occurs in approximately 13–23 individuals per 100,000 per year. It is a severe clinical condition with no lethal characteristics that may lead to complete functional loss or permanent impairment of the affected area. These effects impose an economic burden on both patients and society [1]. The high incidence of peripheral nerve involvement and the lack of consistent functional recovery warrant the need for new interventions to improve these
* Rafael Inácio Barbosa [email protected] 1
Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina/UFSC, Araranguá, Brazil
2
Postgraduate Program in Functional Rehabilitation and Performance, University of São Paulo USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
3
Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of Locomotor System, Federal University of Santa Catarina (LARAL/UFSC), Rua Pedro João Pereira, 150, Araranguá, Santa Catarina 88905-120, Brazil
injuries, as well as a better definition of existing intervention
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