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ORIGINAL PAPER

Photoelectrocatalytic improvement of copper oxide thin film fabricated using anodization strategy application in nitrite degradation and promoting oxygen evolution Chatchai Ponchio1,2   · Wanasiri Srevarit1 Received: 30 May 2020 / Accepted: 19 September 2020 © Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020

Abstract This research is to develop Cu oxide thin film preparation using the anodization technique for the highest efficiency nitrite degradation and promoting oxygen evolution improvement. The electrochemical cell is developed by designing the electrode position to enhance the efficiency of Cu oxide thin film deposition on the anode electrode. The effects of precursor solution temperature, deposition time, and calcination temperature were studied to enhance the photoelectrocatalytic water reduction properties. The characteristics of the fabricated Cu oxide thin film were studied using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods related to the photoelectrocatalytic activity improvement. The calcination temperature is a significant factor affecting physical properties, crystalline structure, morphology, and charge transfer rate, which relate to the photoelectrocatalytic activities. We have succeeded in developing the photoelectrocatalytic cell using the developed Cu oxide photocathode in cooperation with the FTO/WO3/BiVO4 photoanode for nitrite degradation and simultaneous oxygen production up to 98% and 6.0 m ­ gO2/L for 120 min, respectively. This research is especially suitable for further development leading to a water treatment application that eliminates inorganic ions and increases the dissolved oxygen value in an aquarium system. Keywords  Anodization · Cu2O thin film · Photoelectrocatalytic · Nitrite degradation · O2 production

Introduction Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) techniques have been continuously developed for application in wastewater treatment systems that are currently facing significant environmental problems (Kiama and Ponchio 2020; Zhong et al. 2016; Pasikhani et al. 2018; Zhao et al. 2019; Özdokur et al. 2020; Šuligoj et al. 2014; Wahyuningsih et al. 2014). The most important aspect of this technique is the improvement to the efficiency of the electrode preparation for the excellent properties of light absorption, low charge transfer resistance, and * Chatchai Ponchio [email protected] 1



Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand



Advanced Materials Design and Development (AMDD) Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Klong 6, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand

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high surface area under accelerating light and the applied potential condition (Huang et al. 2018; Kangkun et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2020a; Sang et al. 2017; Ratiu et al. 2011). Highefficiency electrodes can be developed by selecting a suitable semiconductor and developing a semicondu