Photoemission Electron Microscopy as a Tool for Studying Steel Grains
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IN general, steel mainly consists of iron, with small percentages of carbon and other alloying elements. The fundamental structure of the steel is defined by the growth of iron-carbon mixed crystal systems during the crystallization during the cooling process of the steel melt. These different crystals are called grains. Adjacent grains can differ in orientation, size, composition, and crystal structure. The entity of the grains defines the structure of the steel. Their structure, as well as the grain boundaries, and the admixture of alloying elements govern the mechanical properties such as effortlessness, formability, and stability of steels. Hence, a knowledge of grain size, grain phases, and composition of grain boundaries is of central importance. In general, the grain size varies from less than 1 μm[1,2] to larger than 10 μm.[2] The region where two grains converge is called a grain boundary. These grain boundaries are divided into two types, depending on the misorientation between the adjacent grains. Lowangle boundaries and high-angle boundaries have a misorientation between the grain boundaries of
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