Photoluminescent hydrophilic cyclodextrin-stabilized cysteine-protected copper nanoclusters for detecting lysozyme
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RESEARCH PAPER
Photoluminescent hydrophilic cyclodextrin-stabilized cysteine-protected copper nanoclusters for detecting lysozyme Mohandoss Sonaimuthu 1 & Yowan Nerthigan 1 & Nandini Swaminathan 1 & Nallin Sharma 1 & Hui-Fen Wu 1,2,3,4 Received: 21 April 2020 / Revised: 10 July 2020 / Accepted: 27 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Lysozyme (LYZ) sensors have attracted increased attention because rapid and sensitive detection of LYZ is highly desirable for various diseases associated with humans. In this research, we designed L-cysteine-protected ultra small photoluminescent (PL) copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) conjugated with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) for rapid detection of LYZ in human serum samples at room temperature. The proposed β-CD-CuNCs exhibited excellent water solubility, ultrafine size, good dispersion, bright photoluminescence, and good photostability. The β-CD-CuNCs exhibit an excitation and emission maximum at 370 nm and 492 nm, respectively, with an absolute quantum yield (QY) of 54.6%. β-CD-CuNCs showed a fluorescence lifetime of 12.7 ns. The addition of LYZ would result in PL quenching from β-CD-CuNCs. The lowest detectable LYZ concentration was 50 nM for the naked eye and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.36 nM and 1.21 nM, respectively, by emission measurement observed in the LYZ concentration range from 30 to 100 nM. It is important to note that the PL β-CDCuNC strategy possessed great selectivity toward LYZ relative to other biomolecules. The proposed nanosensor was efficiently applied to determine the LYZ level in human serum sample average recoveries from 96.15 to 104.05% and relative standard deviation (RSD) values lower than 3.0%. Moreover, the proposed sensing system showed many advantages, including high speed, high sensitivity, high selectivity, low cost, and simple preparation. Keywords β-CD . CuNCs . Cysteine . Photoluminescence . Lysozyme . Naked eye detection
Introduction Lysozyme (LYZ) is one of the most studied enzymes due to ease of purification and crystallization. LYZ has been
Mohandoss Sonaimuthu and Yowan Nerthigan contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02847-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hui-Fen Wu [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
2
School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
3
National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
4
Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
extensively used as a model protein to carry out amyloids, crystallography, and nanomaterials research [1, 2]. LYZ is widely distributed among eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and it can be classified into three main types: chicken (type c), goose (type g), and invertebrate (ty
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