One-pot green synthesis of l -proline-stabilized copper nanoclusters for quercetin sensing
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ORIGINAL PAPER
One‑pot green synthesis of l‑proline‑stabilized copper nanoclusters for quercetin sensing Zhifeng Cai1 · Ruitao Zhu1 · Caifeng Zhang1,2 · Erxiao Hao1 · Jie Zhao1 · Tianqi Wu1 Received: 4 February 2020 / Accepted: 15 May 2020 © Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Herein, a simple, green and low-cost method was established to synthesize l-proline-stabilized copper nanoclusters (l-Pro-Cu NCs) with good water solubility, excellent photostability and resistance to sodium chloride. A series of methods including fluorescence spectroscopy, UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure and optical performance of the Cu NCs. The as-prepared Cu NCs showed green fluorescence with the excitation wavelength of 373 nm. Under the optimal detection conditions, an excellent linear relationship was observed between relative fluorescence intensity (F0/F) and the concentrations of quercetin ranging from 0.5 to 50 μM, and the detection limit (LOD) was 0.012 μM. Moreover, the proposed method provided an excellent platform for the detection of quercetin in the real samples. Keywords Copper nanoclusters · l-proline · Fluorescence · Quercetin
Introduction Quercetin (Que), as a typical flavonoid compound, is mainly distributed in flowers, leaves and fruits of angiosperms, such as Berchemia lineata, Rhododendron mariesii Hemsl, Rhododendron amesiae Rehder, Rhododendron micranthum Turcz. and Japanese ardisia herb (Häkkinen et al. 1999; Williamson and Manach 2005). Currently, quercetin has attracted extensively attention owing to its beneficial influence on human health including eye diseases, atherosclerosis, allergies, diabetes, cataracts or retinal problems (Rogerio et al. 2010; Dajas 2012; Xiao et al. 2017). These beneficial influences were ascribed to its antioxidant activity. Thence, it is important to develop a suitable method for the determination of Que. Recently, many analytical methods have been employed to detect Que, such as spectrophotometric methods (Pejic et al. 2004), Raman scattering spectroscopy (Numata and Tanaka 2011), high-performance * Zhifeng Cai [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, People’s Republic of China
Humic Acid Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shanxi Province, Jinzhong 030619, People’s Republic of China
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liquid chromatography (Alonso-Salces et al. 2004) and electrochemical methods (Zhang et al. 2014; Yao et al. 2014; Veerapandian et al. 2014). Although these methods show the advantages of high sensitivity and reliability, they have some drawbacks, including time-consuming, high-cost and tedious operation. Therefore, the development of simpler, convenient, low-cost determination methods for Que measurement is still harsh. Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) as a novel fluorescent material have attracted lots of attentions and been used to detect metal
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