Photonics of Sub-Wavelength Nanowire Superlattices
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MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.352
Photonics of Sub-Wavelength Nanowire Superlattices Seokhyoung Kim* Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have widely been studied as an ideal platform for developing electronic, photovoltaic, photonic devices and biological probes in the nanoscale. The ability to synthesize high-quality NWs of various materials with a precise control in shape, doping and crystal structure is the key to the growth of NW-based technologies. In the past decade, there has been growing interest in controllably creating NW heterojunctions and periodically-modulated superlattices (SLs) because it is expected to bring new functionalities that are not present in uniform NWs. In particular, the interaction of NW SLs with light has been one of the central interests because the diameter and modulation length scale are on the same order as the wavelength of light in the optical regime. Also, degenerately-doped semiconductor NWs exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs), which comprises unexpected long-range interactions when the plasmon resonators are regularly placed in NW SLs. In this review, I will summarize the recent progress in photonics research of NW SLs. The topics discussed include preparation and types of NW SLs, light-trapping and lightemission properties, and plasmonic optical- and thermal-transport properties.
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INTRODUCTION Since the first discovery of vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of nanowires (NWs) by Wagner and Ellis in 1964,[1] high-quality semiconductor NWs have grown into an important class of nanomaterials that exhibit useful properties and utilities in many different fields. Depending on the target application, NWs have been used as homogenous single crystals for optical Mie scattering and Fabry-Perot cavity oscillations, or with locally doped regions and carefully designed heterointerfaces for spatially-localized device structures such as NW p-n diodes, solar cells, and quantumconfined emitters. The development in NW synthesis has enabled the formation of heterostructures to controllably be directed either in the axial or radial direction, and the ability to design complex NW heterojunctions has generated a variety of device architectures in nanoelectronics,[2] photonics,[3] photovoltaics[4] and nano-bio interfaces.[5] Initial demonstrations of NW growth modulation date back to the early 2000s,[2, 6] and it has thereafter evolved into a variety of NWs with repeated heterojunctions.[7] In particular, modulated NWs with precisely-tailored periodicity, defined as NW superlattices (SLs), have become an important research interest.[8-11] From an optical perspective, NWs with diameter on the order of 50-500 nm are an idea
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