The Current Trends of Optics and Photonics

Optics and photonics offer new and vibrant approaches to meeting the challenges of the 21st century concerning energy conservation, education, agriculture, personal health and the environment. One of the most effective ways to address these global problem

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Cheng-Chung Lee Editor

The Current Trends of Optics and Photonics

Topics in Applied Physics Volume 129

Series editors Claus Ascheron, Heidelberg, Germany Mildred S. Dresselhaus, Cambridge, MA, USA



Topics in Applied Physics is a well-established series of review books, each of which presents a comprehensive survey of a selected topic within the broad area of applied physics. Edited and written by leading research scientists in the field concerned, each volume contains review contributions covering the various aspects of the topic. Together these provide an overview of the state of the art in the respective field, extending from an introduction to the subject right up to the frontiers of contemporary research. Topics in Applied Physics is addressed to all scientists at universities and in industry who wish to obtain an overview and to keep abreast of advances in applied physics. The series also provides easy but comprehensive access to the fields for newcomers starting research. Contributions are specially commissioned. The Managing Editors are open to any suggestions for topics coming from the community of applied physicists no matter what the field and encourage prospective editors to approach them with ideas.

Managing Editor Dr. Claus E. Ascheron Springer-Verlag GmbH Tiergartenstr. 17 69121 Heidelberg Germany [email protected]

Assistant Editor Adelheid H. Duhm Springer-Verlag GmbH Tiergartenstr. 17 69121 Heidelberg Germany [email protected] More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/560

Cheng-Chung Lee Editor

The Current Trends of Optics and Photonics

13

Editor Cheng-Chung Lee Thin Film Technology Center/Department of Optics and Photonics National Central University Chung-Li Taiwan

ISSN  0303-4216 ISSN  1437-0859  (electronic) ISBN 978-94-017-9391-9 ISBN 978-94-017-9392-6  (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-9392-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014952783 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearanc