Photosensitive hydrogels: from structure, mechanisms, design to bioapplications
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-019-1710-8
•REVIEW•
Photosensitive hydrogels: from structure, mechanisms, design to bioapplications 1†
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Wenhui Ji , Qiong Wu , Xisi Han , Wei Zhang , Wei Wei , Liang Chen , Lin Li & 1,2 Wei Huang 1
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; 2 Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; 3 Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China Received June 12, 2020; accepted August 7, 2020; published online November 17, 2020
Hydrogel is a smart material with a three-dimensional network structure and has been widely used in various fields due to its good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and modification. Photosensitive hydrogel is a smart hydrogel, and its amenability to remote, precise control, and flexible and convenient regulation of stimulating factors make it an ideal candidate for use in fields such as biological materials, drug carriers, and sensors. In this review, we discuss the structure, mechanisms, design principles, and bioapplications of photosensitive hydrogels as developed in recent years. Finally, their potential for development and potential future challenges are outlined. photosensitive hydrogels, flexible, bioapplications, detection, smart materials Citation:
Ji, W., Wu, Q., Han, X., Zhang, W., Wei, W., Chen, L., Li, L., and Huang, W. (2020). Photosensitive hydrogels: from structure, mechanisms, design to bioapplications. Sci China Life Sci 63, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-019-1710-8
Introduction Hydrogels, multicomponent systems with three-dimensional cross-linked network structures, are constructed from hydrophilic polymer chains composed of a water-swellable but hydrophilic polymer and medium (Peppas et al., 2006). Hydrogels are formed by cross-linking of hydrophilic polymer chains in an aqueous medium by any of several mechanisms, such as thermocondensation, molecular selfassembly, ionic gelation, electrostatic interaction, and chemical cross-linking (Zhang and Khademhosseini, 2017). Compared with other passive mechanisms, stimulus-responsive hydrogels are valuable soft and smart materials with applications in various fields, including drug delivery †Contributed equally to this work *Corresponding authors (Qiong Wu, email: [email protected]; Lin Li, email: [email protected])
(Zhang et al., 2019), sensors (Chen et al., 2018), bioimaging (Chen et al., 2017a), and 3D cell culture (Wang et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2017b). Their wide range of applications is mainly due to their excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, and smart responses to various internal or external triggers, such as temperature, electric or magnetic fields, light, pH, ionic strength, or pressure (Gao et al., 2017; Ge et al., 2018; He et al., 2019; Mano, 2008; Sershen et al., 2000; X
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