Phylogenomic Analysis Supports Two Possible Origins for Latin American Strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Associated wit
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Phylogenomic Analysis Supports Two Possible Origins for Latin American Strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Associated with Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) Jean Pierre González‑Gómez1 · Sonia Soto‑Rodriguez2 · Osvaldo López‑Cuevas1 · Nohelia Castro‑del Campo1 · Cristóbal Chaidez1 · Bruno Gomez‑Gil2 Received: 15 June 2020 / Accepted: 13 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a severe disease affecting recently stocked cultured shrimps. The disease is mainly caused by V. parahaemolyticus that harbors the pVA1 plasmid; this plasmid contains the pirA and pirB genes, which encode a delta-endotoxin. AHPND originated in China in 2009 and has since spread to several other Asian countries and recently to Latin America (2013). Many Asian strains have been sequenced, and their sequences are publicly accessible in scientific databases, but only four strains from Latin America have been reported. In this study, we analyzed nine pVA1-harboring V. parahaemolyticus sequences from strains isolated in Mexico along with the 38 previously available pVA1-harboring V. parahaemolyticus sequences and the reference strain RIMD 2210633. The studied sequences were clustered into three phylogenetic clades (Latin American, Malaysian, and Cosmopolitan) through pangenomic and phylogenomic analysis. The nucleotide sequence alignment of the pVA1 plasmids harbored by the Asian and Latin American strains confirmed that the main structural difference in the plasmid between the Asian and Latin American strains is the absence of the Tn3 transposon in the Asian strains; in addition, some deletions in the pirAB region were found in two of the Latin American strains. Our study represents the most robust and inclusive phylogenomic analysis of pVA1-harboring V. parahaemolyticus conducted to date and provides insight into the epidemiology of AHPND. In addition, this study highlights that disease diagnosis through the detection of the pirA and pirB genes is an inadequate approach due to the instability of these genes.
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02214-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Cristóbal Chaidez [email protected] * Bruno Gomez‑Gil [email protected] 1
Laboratorio Nacional Para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Campo El Diez, 80110 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental, AP 711, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
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Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is one of the deadliest shrimp diseases. It was first reported in China (2009) and subsequently reported in Vietnam (2010), Malaysia (2011), Thailand (2012), Mexico (2013), the Philippines (2015), and South America (2016) [1–6]. AHPN
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