Enzymatic, outer membrane proteins and plasmid alterations of starved Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus c
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Enzymatic, outer membrane proteins and plasmid alterations of starved Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus cells in seawater Fethi Ben Abdallah · Héla Kallel · Amina Bakhrouf
Received: 12 December 2008 / Revised: 26 March 2009 / Accepted: 30 March 2009 / Published online: 17 April 2009 © Springer-Verlag 2009
Abstract The marine bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus were incubated in seawater for 8 months to evaluate their adaptative responses to starvation. The starved cells showed an altered biochemical and enzymatic proWles, respectively, on Api 20E and Api ZYM systems and an evolution to the Wlterable minicells state capable to pass membrane pore size 0.45 m. Outer membrane proteins patterns of stressed bacteria were also altered. Indeed, these modiWcations were manifested by the appearance and/or disappearance of bands as well as in the level of expression of certain proteins. Plasmids proWles analysis showed that V. alginolyticus ATCC 33787 lost three plasmids, whereas other tested strains conserved their initial proWles. Keywords Vibrio · Seawater · Starvation · Enzymatic · Morphological · Outer membrane proteins · Plasmids · Alterations
Communicated by Jorge Membrillo-Hernández. F. B. Abdallah (&) · A. Bakhrouf Laboratoire d’Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l’Environnement et des Produits, Faculté de Pharmacie Rue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia e-mail: [email protected] F. B. Abdallah · H. Kallel Unité de Fermentation et de Développement de Vaccins Virologiques, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
Introduction Bacterial cells can sense and respond to changes in their external environment (Rosen et al. 2001). The ability of bacteria to sense and respond eVectively to changes in the environment is crucial for their survival. In general, microorganisms do not respond to nutrient deprivation or starvation by simply arresting all metabolic activities and stopping growth. Instead, they carry out starvation-induced activities that may include production of degradative enzymes, such as proteases and lipases, and substrate-capturing enzymes, such as glutamine synthetase and alkaline phosphatase. In addition, nutrient-deprived bacteria may try to diVerentiate into a more resistant state to maintain viability for starvation (Siegele and Kolter 1992; Kjelleberg et al. 1987). During nutrient deWciency, Vibrio spp. can survive for a long time by sequential changes in cell physiology and gradual changes in morphology (Morita 1997). Face to starvation condition in seawater, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cells have been shown to undergo strong structural and metabolic modiWcations under laboratory conditions (Ben Abdallah et al. 2007). Whereas, Ben Kahla et al. (2007) demonstrated that Vibrio alginolyticus strains, isolated from the internal organs of diseased gilt head sea bream and sea bass, conserve their initial biochemical proWle after 6 months of incubation in seawater microcosm. Srinivasan and Kjellberg (1998) fo
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