Physical Simulation and Industrial Testing of Bottom-Blown O 2 -CaO Converter for Steelmaking Process
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URRENTLY, the steelmaking converter employs the top-blowing supersonic oxygen jet and bottom-blowing nitrogen or argon to intensify stirring.[1] However, the conventional converter steelmaking process is unable to efficiently remove phosphorus beyond 100 ppm, especially from clean steel that has a phosphorus content of less than 50 ppm.[2] The peroxidation of molten steel in the smelting process of low-carbon steel and ultra-low-carbon steel is intensive; it results in high consumption of deoxidized alloys and excessive inclusions in the molten steel.[3] This is attributed to the weak stirring dynamics of metallurgical reactions in the converter bath; they do not meet the kinetic requirements involved during stirring in the converter bath.[4,5]
WEIFENG LI, RONG ZHU, KAI DONG, JIE ZHANG, CHAO FENG, BAOCHEN HAN, and XUETAO WU are with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083, P.R. China and also with the Beijing Key Laboratory of Research Center of Special Melting and Preparation of High-end Metal Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected]. Manuscript submitted October 23, 2019.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
Previous studies in this field have found that strengthening the stirring in the molten bath and improving the dynamic conditions of metallurgical reactions in the converter can solve the aforementioned problems.[6] Bottom-blowing partial oxygen with lime powder is found to be the best solution.[7–9] CaO powder is directly injected into the molten bath through O2 as the carrier. When oxygen enters the molten bath, it can react directly with carbon to produce CO gas twice its volume.[10] The injection of solid particles increases the impact depth of gas and greatly enhances the stirring of the molten bath.[11] Furthermore, it creates great dynamic conditions for the diffusion and mass transfer of elements; promotes the efficient metallurgical reaction; increases the effective utilization ratio of oxygen and lime; improves the quality of molten steel; and reduces the production cost.[12] Great dynamic conditions of the converter bath are integral to decarbonization, heating, and slagging in the blowing process.[13] A lot of scholars [14–16] have established the numerical model related to bottom-blown oxygen converter, and analyzed the local gas flow pattern, temperature and heat flow density distribution of converter, obtained the data of relevant equipment parameters, bottom-blowing layout and top bottom combined blowing parameters, and made a certain contribution to the optimization of steelmaking process. Therefore, it is paramount to carry out a
physical simulation of the bath agitation in the converter. Farrand[17] did Post combustion trials, which assessed the effect of lance height, vessel volume, foaming slag, and pellet additions on PCR and HTE. Dofasco[18] developed K-OBM steelmaking process. There are six tuyeres installed at the bottom of the converter a
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