Simulation of Flow Fluid in the BOF Steelmaking Process
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N is supplied by supersonic oxygen lance to remove tramp elements in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking process, which will not only achieve the metallurgical task of dephosphorization, decarbonization, and heating but also will stir the bath to promote the homogenization of composition and temperature. Some great achievements have been made in the BOF smelting process. The contact between oxygen jet and molten bath impacts the bath strongly[1] and promotes the three-phase flow among gas, slag, and molten steel in the bath,[2] which improves the reaction surface area between oxygen and elements in the bath and increases the transmission rate among the chemical elements in the furnace hearth. To promote the smelting efficiency, metallurgical engineers have improved the smelting process by innovating new oxygen lance, researching jet flow, and bath stirring process. For example, a double-parameter oxygen lance[3] was designed to promote metallurgical performance effectively. A nozzle-twisted lance[4] was used to show a lower spitting rate at the optimum twist angles of 11.4 deg, which was lower than that of normal lance. Jet behaviors were also different from those of the normal lances. A new oxygen lance with a central subsonic MING LV, Ph.D. Candidate, and RONG ZHU, Professor, are with the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] YA-GUANG GUO, Ph.D. Candidate, and YONG-WEI WANG, Master Student, are with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing. Manuscript submitted December 31, 2012. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
nozzle was used to analyze the interferences of the jets with the bath by hydrodynamic model studies, which found that the droplet generation rate was improved significantly.[5] Six-hole nozzles with different diameters and inclination angles[6] were designed to decrease the spitting rate effectively. Medina et al.[7] reported that the combined blowing could generate more agitation of a metal bath than that of the top blowing by a numerical analysis of multiphase flow in an oxygen converter with top and bottom blowing. Barron et al.[8] reported that bath agitation and droplet generation were enhanced by a computer simulation of fluid flow when the lance with four peripheral supersonic nozzles and a vertical central nozzle was used. Asahara et al.[9] reported that the cavity shapes and the spitting behavior were correlated to the top-blowing conditions considering the characteristics of multihole nozzle jets by cold model experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Wang et al.[10] developed a threedimensional (3D) mathematical model to simulate the compressible jets flow from the top-blown lance and demonstrated the dynamic power of the multiple jets to support the cavity formation. Odenthal et al.[11,12] investigated the blowing cavity and mixing time in the combined blowing process through the simulation by C
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