Physical simulation of bubble refinement in bottom blowing process with mechanical agitation
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Physical simulation of bubble refinement in bottom blowing process with mechanical agitation Jian‑ming Su1 · Zhi‑he Dou1 · Ting‑an Zhang1 · Yan Liu1 Received: 24 August 2019 / Revised: 8 October 2019 / Accepted: 17 October 2019 © China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group 2020
Abstract In order to increase the contact area and promote the mass transfer process of gas and liquid, the process of the bubble refinement in a metallurgical reactor with mechanical agitation was studied by physical simulation. Based on the capillary number, a prediction equation for the bubble refinement was established. The effects of the gas flow rate, the stirring speed and the stirring depth on the bubble refinement in the reactor were discussed in detail. The distribution of the bubble diameter in the reactor was obtained under different conditions. The results show that when the stirring speed reaches 300 r/min, the bubble diameter mainly distributes in the range of 1–2 mm. A higher gas flow rate may increase the number of bubbles in the melt and promote the bubble refinement process. The mechanism of bubble refinement under mechanical agitation was analyzed, and the results indicated that the stirring speed, the blade area and the blade inclination are the main influencing factors. Keywords Physical simulation · Bottom blowing process · Mechanical agitation · Gas–liquid two-phase flow · Bubble refinement
1 Introduction Magnesium injection method is widely used in hot metal desulfurization with high desulfurization efficiency. However, owing to the insufficient kinetic condition, the utilization rate of magnesium in the traditional desulfurization process with magnesium injection is pretty low [1–3]. Irons and Guthrie [4] and Yang et al. [5–8] proposed new methods of hot metal desulfurization aiming at increasing the utilization rate of magnesium by improving the kinetic conditions. A Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-020-00368-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ting‑an Zhang [email protected] Jian‑ming Su [email protected] Zhi‑he Dou [email protected] Yan Liu [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Ecological Metallurgy of Multi‑metal Intergrown Ores of Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
top injection technology of magnesium vapor is used. However, the magnesium loss is serious, and the utilization rate of magnesium is less than 5%. Yang et al. [5–8] used the in-situ reduction of Al/C and MgO for hot metal desulfurization. However, the reduction rate of MgO is less than 60%, which results in a low utilization rate of magnesium of 48%. Therefore, further discussion on the gas–liquid contact in the molten iron is necessary to improve the utilization rate of magnesium. Physical simulation is an appropriate method to analyze the gas–liquid mixing process in the molten pool. Irons and Guthrie [9] studied the formation and growth of the bubbles in th
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