Research and Analysis on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Molten Bath with Bottom-Blowing in EAF Steelmaking Proc
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TION of continuous casting and refining technology has caused a fundamental change in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking.[1,2] In the modern EAF steelmaking process, increasing the melting intensity is the key to meeting the requirements of fast rhythm, low cost, and high quality.[3] However, the special furnace profile of EAF limits oxygen supply intensity making the molten bath stirring insufficient, which leads to severe composition and temperature heterogeneity of the molten steel. The bottom-blowing technique for EAF steelmaking process was proposed to promote the molten bath fluid flow, accelerate the metallurgical reaction, and improve the quality of molten steel. The effects of bottom-blowing technology in EAF steelmaking have been widely studied through water models and numerical simulations,[4–11] while its industrial application effects have also been reported by several researchers.[12–15] Li[4,5] studied the effect of bottom stirring condition on the rising height of the EAF bath and the mixing characteristics of GUANGSHENG WEI, Ph.D. Student, KAI DONG, Lecturer, and RONG ZHU, Professor, are with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, and also with the Beijing Key Laboratory of Research Center of Special Melting and Preparation of High-end Metal Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing. Contact e-mail: [email protected] GUOHONG MA and TING CHENG, Ph.D. Students, are with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing. Manuscript submitted March 16, 2016. Article published online June 29, 2016. 3066—VOLUME 47B, OCTOBER 2016
bottom-blowing in EAF through water model experiments. Liu[6] developed a three-dimensional numerical model by the volume of fluid approach, which determined the optimum bottom-blowing arrangement. Li[7] studied the fluid flow and mixing process in a bottom stirring EAF experimentally and numerically, and found that with the bottom-blowing nozzles moving off-center, the angular velocities were increased, and the stirring efficiency was improved significantly. He[8] established a mathematical model between the bath mixing time and the stirring energy of bottom-blowing. The results demonstrated that bottom-blowing could promote mass transfer and increase the capacity of EAF production. Caffery[9] developed a numerical model to describe the heat transfer in the molten bath and reported that bottom bubbles system was useful for promoting the bath temperature homogeneity. Using an Eulerian and Lagrangian two-phase model and a one-third ‘‘thin slice’’ physical model, Gu and Irons[10] presented the velocity distribution with gas injection from two bottom nozzles. Ramirez[11] developed a numerical model of a DC electric arc furnace with bottom-blowing to describe the fluid flow phenomena in the molten bath. They argued that sufficient bottom-blowing gas could dissipate the heat being supplied by the arc in the central region of the bath, and the combinat
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