Physiological and Proteomic Characterization of the Elevated Temperature Effect on Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) Pri
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Physiological and Proteomic Characterization of the Elevated Temperature Effect on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Primary Leaves P. de la Habaa, F. Amil-Ruizb, and E. Agüeraa,* aDepartamento
de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba. Campus de Rabanales. Edificio Celestino Mutis (C4), 3ª planta, Córdoba, E-14071 Spain bUnidad de Bioinformática, Servicio de Apoyo a la investigación (SCAI), edificio Ramón y Cajal, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, E-14071 Spain *e-mail: [email protected] Received April 15, 2020; revised May 5, 2020; accepted May 5, 2020
Abstract—This work examines the effect of increasing environmental temperatures, resulting from the ongoing global climate change, on the primary leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). To do so, we examined physiological markers that are commonly used to monitor leaf development: specific leaf mass (SLM), leaf area, protein and photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthesis rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs) transpiration and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in the primary leaves of 42-day-old plants grown under standard diurnal and nocturnal temperatures (23 and 19°C, day/night), and under higher temperatures (33 and 29°C, day/night). Then, a proteomic approach was used to evaluate molecular alterations, at the protein level, between the two grown conditions. A total of 598387 raw spectra were obtained, yielding a total of 2343 identified protein sequences. Protein profiles were consistent with differences in protein expression between plants grown under the two temperature conditions. Interestingly, 619 (26.4%) of the identified proteins, mainly categorized in four functional groups (1-antioxidant, 2-stress and defense, 3-energy and metabolism-related, and 4-hormonal regulation proteins), exhibited increased expression in response to higher growth temperatures. These molecular differences detected in primary leaves at elevated temperatures could indicate a greater tolerance of sunflower plants to these stress conditions. This work provides a solid basis for elucidating their role and explaining the sunflower adaptive mechanisms to the increasing environmental temperature. Keywords: Helianthus annuus, physiological parameters, primary leaves, proteins, stress tolerance DOI: 10.1134/S1021443720060060
INTRODUCTION The average global temperature has gradually increased over the past 150 years as a result of human activity and the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, chlorof luorocarbons and nitrous oxide. The estimated global heating rate is 0.07°C/decade. In addition, the average global temperature is expected to rise by 1°C in 2025 and 3°C in 2100 [1]. The effects of climate change are believed to include alterations in plant ecology and distribution. So, plant response to increasing environmental temperatures and global heating has aroused much interest worldwide since a sustainable food supply is one of the cornerstones
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