Phytotoxicity Increase Induced by Zinc Accumulation in Cichorium intybus
- PDF / 809,000 Bytes
- 6 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 48 Downloads / 174 Views
Phytotoxicity Increase Induced by Zinc Accumulation in Cichorium intybus Mariane Wolf1 · Alexandre Tadeu Paulino1 Received: 10 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The accumulation of zinc (Zn) in Cichorium intybus and effects of phytotoxicity during 90 days of growth on (natural) noncontaminated and Zn-contaminated soils were studied. The phytotoxicity effects were monitored by evaluating the leaf area, leaf biomass, leaf length and root length of the vegetable. The Zn concentrations ranged from 5.35 ± 1.05 to 37.5 ± 3.89 mg kg−1 in leaves of plants grown on natural soil, and from 334.0 ± 25.6 to 2232 ± 16.7 mg k g−1 when grown on Zn-contaminated soils. Zn accumulation caused a decrease in growth on contaminated soils and an increase in phytotoxicity. These effects were associated to high metal concentration, mobility and bioavailability in the soil as well as changes in the translocation mechanism from the roots to the leaves. Then, it must be avoided the organic fertilization of soils with either animal manure or other agricultural inputs containing high zinc concentrations. Keywords Metal accumulation · Soil · Zinc · Plant growth · Phytotoxicity The accumulation of Zn by plants grown in metal-contaminated soils increases the effects of phytotoxicity (FosuMensah et al. 2017). This metallic species is an essential micronutrient to the plant growth when applied at low concentrations. However, high Zn concentrations can be toxic to plants, animals, soil, water and humans (Bradfield et al. 2017) due to the high bioaccumulation capacity (da Silva et al. 2014). Metal-environmental pollution can occur after the organic fertilization of soils with animal manure containing high Zn concentration (Wolf et al. 2017). The inappropriate disposal of either Zn or other metals in soil leads to an increase in the metal soluble and exchangeable forms as well as an increase in environmental pollution, affecting plants and animals (Paulino et al. 2005). As a consequence, the crop production is also decreased (Smanhotto et al. 2010). The excessive accumulation of Zn increases the effects of phytotoxicity, causing changes in the biological processes responsible for the growth and development of plants (Antoniadis et al. 2017). The intensity of these effects depends
* Alexandre Tadeu Paulino [email protected] 1
Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Santa Catarina State University, BR 282, Km 574, Pinhalzinho, SC 89870‑000, Brazil
on the metallic species found in the soil and water used for irrigation during plant growth (2013). Plants contaminated with toxic metal enter the food chain through the ingestion of vegetables by animals and humans (Rostami and Azhdarpoor 2019). Many carcinogenic and other harmful effects in animals and humans are associated with the accumulation of toxic metals in the organism (Hanfi et al. 2020). Thus, international regulations stipulate maximum limits for metals in vegetable-based industrial products (C
Data Loading...
