Nitrification inhibitor DMPP offsets the increase in N 2 O emission induced by soil salinity
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Nitrification inhibitor DMPP offsets the increase in N2O emission induced by soil salinity Yawei Li 1,2 & Junzeng Xu 1,2,3 & Xiaoyin Liu 2 & Zhiming Qi 4 & Haiyu Wang 2 & Youjia Li 4 & Linxian Liao 2 Received: 31 March 2020 / Revised: 25 June 2020 / Accepted: 2 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract To evaluate the effect of a nitrification inhibitor on reducing N2O emissions from saline soils, we undertook a field plot experiment with three salinity levels (non-saline, NS = 0.21 dS m−1; low saline, LS = 1.02 dS m−1; and high saline, HS = 5.23 dS m−1), factorially combined with two nitrification inhibitor treatments (with and without DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate)). The low saline soil had the highest N2O flux peak and its cumulative N2O emissions were 2.2-fold those of the non-saline soil and 3.1-fold those of the high saline soil. Low salinity strongly inhibited nitrite oxidation and only slightly inhibited ammonia oxidation, which resulted in a high accumulation of NO2−-N and high N2O emissions. The nitrification inhibitor DMPP reduced cumulative N2O emissions (p < 0.05) by 61% in non-saline soil (reduction of 88.3 mg N m−2) and by 75% in low saline soil (reduction of 239.8 mg N m−2). DMPP offsets low salinity-induced high N2O emissions by inhibiting ammonia oxidation. Keywords N2O emission . Nitrification inhibitor . Soil salinity . Fertilization . Nitrification
Introduction The nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas with extremely high global warming potential, reached the concentration of 331.1 ± 0.1 ppb in the atmosphere in 2018, 23% greater than pre-industrial levels (WMO 2019). The wide agricultural use of N fertilizers has increased the release of N2O from soils, making it one of the leading sources of the rising atmospheric N2O (Davidson 2012). Mitigating the N2O emissions caused by fertilization is a challenge that agricultural scientists must face. Soil amendment with nitrification inhibitors can mitigate N2O emissions from soils receiving NH4+-based fertilizer (Datta and Adhya 2014; Zhang et al. 2018; Recio et al. 2019; Zhu et al. 2019), because the high N2O production in * Junzeng Xu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2
College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
3
Cooperative Innovation Center for Water Safety & Hydro Science, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
4
Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada
agricultural soils following the application of NH4+-based fertilizer primarily originates from nitrification (Huang et al. 2014; Zhu-Barker et al. 2015; Soares et al. 2016; Fu et al. 2020). Among nitrification inhibitors employed in agriculture, DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) is frequently used (Beeckman et al. 2018), being very effective because its efficiency in inhibiting N2O production can be as h
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