Plant Grafting Shapes Complexity and Co-occurrence of Rhizobacterial Assemblages
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PLANT MICROBE INTERACTIONS
Plant Grafting Shapes Complexity and Co-occurrence of Rhizobacterial Assemblages Yang Ruan 1 & Tingting Wang 1 & Shiwei Guo 1 & Ning Ling 1
&
Qirong Shen 1
Received: 4 February 2020 / Accepted: 25 May 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Grafting is a basic technique which is widely used to increase yield and enhance biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plant production. The diversity and interactions of rhizobacterial assemblages shaped by grafting are important for the growth of their hosts but remain poorly understood. To test the hypothesis that plant grafting shapes complexity and co-occurrence of rhizobacterial assemblage, four types of plants, including ungrafted bottle gourd (B), ungrafted watermelon (W), grafted watermelon with bottle gourd rootstock (W/B), and grafted bottle gourd with watermelon rootstock (B/W), were cultivated in two soil types in a greenhouse, and the rhizosphere bacterial communities were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Both the soil type and grafting significantly influenced the bacterial community composition. Grafting increased bacterial withinsample diversity in both soils. Core enriched operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the W/B rhizosphere compared with the other three treatments (B, W, and B/W) were mainly affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, which are likely related to methanol oxidation, methylotrophy, fermentation, and ureolysis. Co-occurrence network analysis proved that grafting increased network complexity, including the number of nodes, edges, and modules. Moreover, grafting strengthened the structural robustness of the network in the rhizosphere, while ungrafted watermelon had the lowest network robustness. Homogeneous selection played a predominant role in bacterial community assembly, and the contribution of dispersal limitation was increased in grafted watermelon with bottle gourd rootstock. Grafting increased the diversity and transformed the network topology of the bacterial community, which indicated that grafting could improve species coexistence in the watermelon rhizosphere. Keywords Grafting . Watermelon . Bottle gourd . Bacterial community . Network structure . Community assembly
Introduction The rhizosphere is an important soil ecosystem characterized by very tight interactions between plants, soil, and microbiota [1, 2]. Rhizosphere microorganisms are associated with the growth and health of their hosts and have various functions, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01532-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ning Ling [email protected] 1
Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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