Plant Water-Stress Response Mechanisms
Water, the central molecule of life, plays a profound role in a number of plant life processes ranging from photosynthesis to macromolecular interaction through hydrophobic bond. Due to imbalances in natural status of the different physiological, environm
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Abstract
Water, the central molecule of life, plays a profound role in a number of plant life processes ranging from photosynthesis to macromolecular interaction through hydrophobic bond. Due to imbalances in natural status of the different physiological, environmental conditions and during natural calamities, plants are exposed to either deficit of water (i.e. drought) or excess of water (i.e. flooding). Both of these conditions lead to water stress on plants which in turn results in disruption of agriculture and food supply in different parts of the world. In this chapter, a brief idea on the causes, indicators, responses and adaptation processes to the water stress in plants and the associated molecular mechanisms has been presented. In this chapter, the stresses related to water are expressed as “drought”. The cellular and molecular responses of plants to water stress have been studied intensively throughout the world. Understanding the mechanisms by which plants perceive water stress and transmit the subsequent signals to cellular machinery and modulate expression of genes and their products to activate adaptive responses is of fundamental importance to plant biology. Knowledge about water-stress signal transduction is therefore vital for continued development of rational breeding and transgenic strategies to improve stress tolerance in crops. Factors controlling waterstress conditions alter the normal equilibrium and lead to a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants which adversely affect their growth and productivity. However, plants also have developed innate adaptations to water-stress conditions
S. Bhattacharjee Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, TR 799022, India e-mail: [email protected] A.K. Saha (*) Department of Botany, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, TR 799022, India e-mail: [email protected] R.K. Gaur and P. Sharma (eds.), Approaches to Plant Stress and their Management, DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-1620-9_8, # Springer India 2014
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with an array of biochemical and physiological interventions that involve the function of many stress-associated genes. Water-stress-associated hormones like ABA are found to play a central role in orchestrating the molecular and physiological responses leading protective responses in plants. Overall, this chapter provides a systemic glimpse of integrated cellular and whole plant responses to water stress. Keywords
Water stress Drought Stress tolerance
Abbreviations ABA ABREs APX AtHD6 ATP BapA bZIP CBL CDSP CIPKs CO2 COR CPKs/CDPKs DAG DREs ERD ET ETR Fs GL GRase HSP IP3 KIN LEA LEAPs
Abscisic acid Abscisic acid responsive elements Ascorbate peroxidase Histone deacetylase 6 Adenosine triphosphate Boiling staple protein Basic leucine zipper domain Calcineurin B-like protein Chloroplast drought-stress protein CBL-interacting protein kinases Carbon dioxide Cold regulated Calciu
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