Plasma Disposal in Problems of Ecology (Review)
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MA INVESTIGATIONS
Plasma Disposal in Problems of Ecology (Review) E. E. Sona, *, M. Kh. Gadzhieva, and Yu. M. Kulikova aJoint
Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received March 10, 2020; revised March 16, 2020; accepted March 30, 2020
Abstract—The current state and issues of plasma disposal are discussed. Various types of plasma torches used for disposal, the technological schemes of existing plasma systems, a plasma torch with an expanding output electrode, equipment characteristics, diagnostic methods for the design of an effective low-temperature plasma generator, and the studying of the effects of a high-enthalpy plasma jet generated by a direct-current plasma torch on a solid target material are described. The results obtained via high-speed imaging, micropyrometry, laser profilometry, spectroscopy, and stereoscopy methods are presented. The data on spatial and temporal changes of the temperature field on the sample surface, the dynamics of material loss, and changes in the parameters (temperature and electron density, temperature of heavy particles) of the plasma-jet incident on the sample are analyzed. The collected theoretical and experimental results and engineering solutions can be used to design various low-temperature plasma generators with a power of up to 1 MW and higher. DOI: 10.1134/S0018151X20040148
CONTENTS Introduction 1. Current state of plasma-waste processing 2. Plasma torch types used for waste disposal 3. Technological schemes of plasma facilities for waste disposal 4. Disposal by a plasma torch with an expanding channel 5. Diagnostic complex for the study of the interaction of a plasma jet with a sample 6. Numerical simulation and optimization of a nitrogen low-temperature plasma generator with an expanding channel 7. Low-temperature plasma generator of a nitrogen-propane mixture Conclusions References INTRODUCTION The development of plasma-waste disposal as a new processing method began in the 1980–1990s in connection with industrial-waste emissions from various types of material production at thermal power plants during the generation of electric energy and in various industries upon the synthesis of chlorine compounds and freons, which are associated with the formation of persistent pollutants that are difficult to destroy with combustion. This necessitated usage of higher energy sources, including plasma ones. For example, E.E. Son’s familiarity with plasma methods began in 1990, when the opportunity arose to become
acquainted with plasma methods in the best laboratories abroad and to work in creative teams. The first experience was in the United Kingdom at the Townsend Laboratory (it was in this laboratory that the physics of nonequilibrium plasma was born), which was headed by J. Dutton1 in the late 1980s. Successful work in the United Kingdom at Cambridge at Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (English School of Hydrodynamics and Turbulence) was followed by a Fulbright grant in 1991 in the
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