Plasma proteins facilitates placental transfer of polystyrene particles
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Journal of Nanobiotechnology Open Access
RESEARCH
Plasma proteins facilitates placental transfer of polystyrene particles Michael M. Gruber1 , Birgit Hirschmugl1,2 , Natascha Berger1 , Magdalena Holter3 , Snježana Radulović4,5 , Gerd Leitinger5 , Laura Liesinger6,7, Andrea Berghold3, Eva Roblegg8 , Ruth Birner‑Gruenberger6,7,9 , Vesna Bjelic‑Radisic1 and Christian Wadsack1,2*
Abstract Background: Nanoparticles, which are exposed to biological fluids are rapidly interacting with proteins and other biomolecules forming a corona. In addition to dimension, charge and material the distinct protein corona influences the interplay of nanoparticles with tissue barriers. In this study we were focused on the impact of in situ formed human plasma protein corona on the transfer of 80 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-particles) across the human placenta. To study materno-to fetal PS transfer we used the human ex vivo placental perfusion approach, which rep‑ resents an intact and physiological tissue barrier. To analyze the protein corona of PS particles we performed shotgun proteomics of isolated nanoparticles before and after tissue exposure. Results: Human plasma incubated with PS-particles of 80 nm and subsequent formed protein corona enhanced the transfer across the human placenta compared to PS-corona formed by bovine serum albumin and dextran which served as a control. Quantitative and qualitative changes of plasma proteins determined the changes in PS transfer across the barrier. Based on the analysis of the PS-proteome two candidate proteins, namely human albumin and immunoglobulin G were tested if these proteins may account for the enhanced PS-transfer across the placenta. Inter‑ estingly, the protein corona formed by human albumin significantly induced the transfer of PS-particles across the tissue compared to the formed IgG-corona. Conclusion: In total we demonstrate the PS corona dynamically and significantly evolves upon crossing the human placenta. Thus, the initial composition of PS particles in the maternal circulation is not predictive for their transfer char‑ acteristics and performance once beyond the barrier of the placenta. The precise mechanism of these effects remains to be elucidated but highlights the importance of using well designed biological models when testing nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Keywords: Nanoparticle, Polystyrene, Biocorona, Dual ex vivo placental perfusion, Human placenta, Plasma proteins, Transfer Background In the presence of biological fluids nanoparticle (NPs) are quickly coated with various biomolecules which ultimately form a biocorona [1]. The NP-biocorona is *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
composed of proteins, lipids [2], nucleic acids [3] and metabolites [4]. The protein corona plays a pivotal role in the interaction of NPs with biological systems and
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