POID: a passive all-optical inter-rack interconnect for data-centers
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POID: a passive all-optical inter-rack interconnect for data-centers Priyankar Roychowdhury1 • Jaafar M. Alghazo2 • Ghazanfar Latif3 Accepted: 10 October 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract With the increase in demand for bandwidth-thirsty cloud-based services, bandwidth demands for rack-to-rack interconnect in data centers are increasing exponentially. In this paper, an optical interconnect architecture dubbed ‘‘POID’’ is proposed. The novel architecture is proposed using passive optical technology, wavelength division multiplexing, and innovative architectural concepts. The proposed architecture adequately supports the rack-to-rack traffic with latencies as low as few hundred nanoseconds while providing Tera bits per second throughput. The performance of the proposed architecture is evaluated through simulation studies and compared to other recent related data center interconnection networks from recent literature. The proposed POID architecture provides up to 10% improvement in throughput and up to about 82% reduction in latency compared to other comparative designs of data center interconnects using current optical fiber and switching technologies. The proposed PIOD incurs 22% power penalty compared to the existing best performing comparable designs. Keywords Cloud data-center Inter-rack interconnection Passive optical switches High throughput Space division multiplexing Wavelength routing Data-center architectures Optical fiber
1 Introduction The importance of the data center is increasing with the rise in the use of Cloud Computing. The backbone of cloud services is massive cloud data centers that offer a range of services from top providers such as Google, Amazon, Netflix, Facebook, Microsoft, and others. Their services also range from simple internet searches to Software as a Service (SaaS) [1]. Cloud Data Centers typically consist of thousands of racks with each rack containing 20–40 servers. Top of Rack (TOR) switches is used as a medium of
& Ghazanfar Latif [email protected] Priyankar Roychowdhury [email protected] Jaafar M. Alghazo [email protected] 1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
2
Department of Computer Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, AL Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Computer Science, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, AL Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
communication for servers within a rack. TOR switch for each rack communicates with other TOR switches via hierarchical layers of various kinds of switches. Figure 1 shows a typical cloud data center topology. The dotted lines in the figure indicate the communication between two TORs via two layers of switches. Communication patterns, as well as type of services offered by the cloud data center, dictates the necessity for the communication between TOR’s [2]. The communication between Racks (Inter-Rack) communication is on the
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