Polarity: The Emergence and Development of a Concept
The emergence and development of polarity as a concept in IR theory results from changes in international relations after World War II. Bipolarity described the rise of two superpowers leading two opposite ideological, economic and military alliances or b
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Pol a r i t y, B a l a n c e O f Pow er a n d Internat ional R elations Theory Post-Cold War and the 19th Century Compared
Polarity, Balance of Power and International Relations Theory
Goedele De Keersmaeker
Polarity, Balance of Power and International Relations Theory Post-Cold War and the 19th Century Compared
Goedele De Keersmaeker Department of Political Science Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
ISBN 978-3-319-42651-8 ISBN 978-3-319-42652-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42652-5
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016956579 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image © Arthur Skiles / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
For Gie, with all my love
CONTENTS
Part I 1
2
Polarity, Neorealism and its Problems
Introduction: Multipolarity and Unipolarity after the Cold War Polarity: The Emergence and Development of a Concept
Part II
Polarity in the Cold War, the 19th Century and Today
1
3 11
47
3
The Bipolar Cold War and Polarity Theory
49
4
The Nineteenth Century: Multipolar, Bipolar or Unipolar?
67
5
Polarity after 1990, a Historical Comparison
111
vii
viii
CONTENTS
Part III Nineteenth-Century Balance of Power and Twenty-First-Century Multipolarity
151
6
The French Multipolarity Discourse
153
7
American Hegemony, Empire and Unipolarity
187
8
Multipolarity, Balance of Power and Universal Monarchy
209
Part IV 9
Conclusions
Conclusions, the Relevance of Polarity Theory?
Index
229 231 243
ABBREVIATIONS1
ANZUS ARF ASEAN BRIC BRICS CIS CSDP CENTO COW CSTO EU FRG G7/G8 G20 GDP GDP-PPP GNP IMF LM MERCOSUR NAFTA NATO NIC NSS NYT
Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty ASEAN Regional Forum Association of Southeast Asian
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