Political and Socio-Economic Change in the Middle East and North Africa

Political and Socio-Economic Change in the Middle East and North Africa examines the shortcomings of the economic development policies in the region before and after the Arab uprisings. Many MENA countries tried to pursue neoliberal policies to boost econ

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Political and Socio-Economic Change in the Middle East and North Africa Gender Perspectives and Survival Strategies

Edited by Roksana Bahramitash and Hadi Salehi Esfahani

POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHANGE IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Selection and editorial content © Roksana Bahramitash and Hadi Salehi Esfahani 2016 Individual chapters © their respective contributors 2016 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978-1-137-49069-8 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. In accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN The authors have asserted their right to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of Nature America, Inc., One New York Plaza, Suite 4500, New York, NY 10004-1562. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. ISBN: 978-1-349-56906-9 E-PDF ISBN: 978-1-137-48142-9 DOI: 10.1057/9781137481429 Distribution in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world is by Palgrave Macmillan®, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Bahramitash, Roksana, 1956– editor. | Esfahani, Hadi Salehi, editor. Title: Political and socio-economic change in the Middle East and North Africa: gender perspectives and survival strategies / edited by Roksana Bahramitash and Hadi Salehi Esfahani. Description: New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, [2016] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015026372 Subjects: LCSH: Middle East—Economic conditions—21st century. | Middle East—Social conditions—21st century. | Women—Middle East—Economic conditions. | Women—Middle East—Social conditions. | Arab Spring, 2010—Economic aspects. Classification: LCC HC415.15 .P6574 2015 | DDC 330.956—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015026372 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Contents

List of Tables and Figures 1 Introduction Roksana Bahramitash and Hadi Salehi Esfahani 2 Neoliberal Transformation and the Uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt Karen Pfeifer 3 Labor Force Conditions of Middle East Youth: The Role of Dem