Pollen production for 13 urban North American tree species: allometric equations for tree trunk diameter and crown area
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Pollen production for 13 urban North American tree species: allometric equations for tree trunk diameter and crown area Daniel S. W. Katz
. Jonathan R. Morris
. Stuart A. Batterman
Received: 12 November 2019 / Accepted: 3 March 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Estimates of airborne pollen concentrations at the urban scale would be useful for epidemiologists, land managers, and allergy sufferers. Mechanistic models could be well suited for this task, but their development will require data on pollen production across cities, including estimates of pollen production by individual trees. In this study, we developed predictive models for pollen production as a function of trunk size, canopy area, and height, which are commonly recorded in tree surveys or readily extracted from remote sensing data. Pollen production was estimated by measuring the number of flowers per tree, the number of anthers per flower, and the number of pollen grains per anther. Variability at each morphological scale was assessed using bootstrapping. Pollen production was estimated for the following species: Acer negundo, Acer platanoides, Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum, Betula papyrifera, Gleditsia triacanthos, Juglans nigra, Morus alba, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-020-09638-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. D. S. W. Katz (&) S. A. Batterman School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA e-mail: [email protected] J. R. Morris School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Platanus 9 acerifolia, Populus deltoides, Quercus palustris, Quercus rubra, and Ulmus americana. Basal area predicted pollen production with a mean R2 of 0.72 (range 0.41–0.99), whereas canopy area predicted pollen production with a mean R2 of 0.76 (range 0.50–0.99). These equations are applied to two tree datasets to estimate total municipal pollen production and the spatial distribution of street tree pollen production for the focal species. We present some of the first individual-tree based estimates of pollen production at the municipal scale; the observed spatial heterogeneity in pollen production is substantial and can feasibly be included in mechanistic models of airborne pollen at fine spatial scales. Keywords Allergenic pollen Allergic rhinitis Pollen exposure Street trees
1 Introduction Exposure to allergenic pollen can trigger severe allergic reactions, ranging from allergic rhinitis and asthma attacks to allergic conjunctivitis (Bousquet et al. 2008; La Rosa et al. 2013; Linneberg et al. 2002; Salo et al. 2011). For sensitized individuals, exposure can reduce productivity and quality of life (Blaiss et al. 2018; Meltzer 2016; Meltzer et al. 2009), resulting in
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Aerobiologia
large economic consequences (Cardell et al. 2016; Nathan 2007). Pollen monitoring networks, such as the National Allergy Bureau in the
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