Polymer and Composite Piles. International and Russian Experience
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TECHNOLOGY AND WORK PRODUCTION POLYMER AND COMPOSITE PILES. INTERNATIONAL AND RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE
UDC 624.154 A. V. Boyarintsev Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Saint Petersburg, Russia, *Corresponding author Email: [email protected].
This article reviews international and Russian experience in using polymer and composite pile structures. The historical development of various pile types, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the author's classification of polymer and composite piles, are presented.
Introduction Composites are produced from two or more dissimilar materials (matrix and filler) separated by a distinct margin. The resulting composite material exhibits properties different from those of its constituent elements. The filler is responsible for receiving external stresses, while the matrix distributes them uniformly between the filler elements. Composites can be classified according to various parameters, such as matrix material, filler material, and filler type (dispersed, fiber). Fiber fillers are also characterized by fiber length and orientation [1-3]. Polymer composite materials (PCMs) having high strength, low specific gravity, and corrosion resistance properties are increasingly attracting attention of civil engineers. Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) or reinforced plastics are the focus of ongoing research in various construction fields. Over the past 30 years, PCMs, also referred to as glass FRPs, basalt FRPs, or carbon FRPs, have found wide practical application. At present, PCMs are effectively used for external reinforcement of emergency structures [4, 5], foundations [6], embankments [7, 8], bridges [9, 10], as well as in the manufacture of such enclosed structures as fiberglass sheet piles [11.14]. This work is devoted to the use of composite materials in load-bearing structures. Historical Review In 1987, a prototype composite pile was used in the reconstruction of the Port of Los Angeles [15]. This was an ordinary metal pile with a diameter of 125 mm and a length of 18 m, covered with a polymer material for protection against the highly aggressive seawater environment. In the 1990s, in the United States, it was proposed to use PCMs for external reinforcement of emergency structures [16], which led to the creation of the first analytical model for determining stresses in a composite shell. Further, PCMs were used as the main load-bearing material of piles, marking the appearance of the second type of composite piles − piles made of fiber-reinforced polymers [17-20]. Around the same time, the third type of pile was developed on the basis of using recycled plastic.
Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 5, pp. 22-27, September-October, 2020. 0038-0741/20/5705-0415
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2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
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a
b steel pipe
high density polyethylene shell
c
plastic matrix
d
e FRP profile
concrete
glass/steel
FRP shell
f
FRP profile
g
plastic matrix with fiber
Fig. 1. Classification of com
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