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PolymerBased Additive Manufacturing Biomedical Applications

Polymer-Based Additive Manufacturing

Declan M. Devine Editor

Polymer-Based Additive Manufacturing Biomedical Applications

Editor Declan M. Devine Athlone Institute of Technology Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland

ISBN 978-3-030-24531-3    ISBN 978-3-030-24532-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24532-0 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

To my parents, Peggy and Corny (RIP) To my Princesses Jessica, Livia, Eloise and Madelyn

Preface

Additive manufacturing technologies, also referred to as 3D printing among other names, were traditionally used as a prototyping tool for form and function during the product development cycle. However, recently, there has been a significant surge in the use of 3D printing technologies for the production of a variety of end products not least so in the biomedical field. This is due to many reasons including patent lapsing of the original designs, which has led to an increase in the number of companies developing machines which in turn has led to rapid improvements in machine resolution along with the reduction in machine costs. 3D printing machines now cost a few hundred dollars (or Euros), and this has proved transformative as this technology is accessible to the general public as well as major corporations. This transformation promises to change manufacturing, from mass production to personally customised products, and business models of central output with extensive supply chains to locally manufactured and supplied products that can be manufactured in the home, office or hospital locations. 3D printing uses a wide range of materials incl