Polymerization in Inverse Microemulsion: An Effective Tool to Produce Biodegradable and non Biodegradable Nanoparticles
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Polymerization in Inverse Microemulsion: An Effective Tool to Produce Biodegradable and non Biodegradable Nanoparticles Lebon F1,2., Grandfils C.3, Jérôme R.3,4, Barakat I.3, Sartore L.5 1
Dip. Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Univ. di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
2
Ist. Nazionale di Fisica della Materia (INFM), Brescia, Italy
3
Interfacultary Biomaterial Centre, University of Liège, Belgium
4
CERM (Center for Education & Research on Macromolecules), University of Liège, Belgium
5
Dip. di Chimica e Fisica per l'Ingegneria e i Materiali, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
ABSTRACT Potential of polymerization in inverse microemulsions has been illustrated by the preparation of crosslinked nanoparticles with functional groups on the surface. Nonbiodegradable polyacrylamide nanoparticles have been prepared, with the purpose to use these stable monodisperse lattices as enzymatic reactors and in diagnostic applications. Their size is in the 50 to 90 nm range and they contain a model enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) immobilized. In another example, monodisperse biodegradable nanoparticles of polyamidoamines with a size from 90 to 130 nm have been prepared. They are envisioned for intravenous administration because of a low content of non-metabolized material and absence of toxicity. INTRODUCTION The term “microemulsion” has been defined by Danielsson and Lindmann [1] as “a system of water, oil and amphiphile, which is a single phase, optically isotropic and thermodynamicallystable liquid solution”. For other workers, a microemulsion refers to dispersion of very small droplets in a medium. In contrast to emulsions, which are opaque, unstable, and contain 1-10 µm droplets, the colloidal particles spontaneously formed in microemulsions are typically up to nanometric-scale globular droplets of the minor solvent, each one surrounded by a surfactant monolayer and thus dispersed in the bulk solvent. The nanoscale compartmentalization in inverse microemulsions (water-in-oil microemulsion, w/o) can be used as a structured reaction medium for the controlled formation of colloids. Previous papers [2] have reported on an original way to immobilize enzyme within latex particles of reticulated polyacrylamide starting from an inverse microemulsion with a mixture of surfactants AOT (Sodium bis(-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate) and Brij30 (polyethylene glycol lauryl ether) in hexane. It is now well-established that the constituents of the reverse micellar system V2.9.1
can modify the interfacial rigidity of the droplets, the interdroplet interaction and ultimately the size and size distribution of the final nanoparticles[3]. The purpose of this work is to show that polymerization in inverse microemulsion can be successfully used for synthesis of calibrated biodegradable and non biodegradable latex particles. We have prepared non-biodegradable nanoparticles of crosslinked polyacrylamide/acrylic acid copolymers, and studied their size and stability after purification and redispersion increasing the functional groups content. The preparat
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