Development of Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastics
The impact of environmental-related issues poses a deleterious effect on the existence of human life and its biophysical surroundings. Discarded plastic materials have been identified as threats to the environment as most of these materials are considered
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Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Properties and Types of Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Petroleum-Derived Biodegradable Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bio-Based Biodegradable Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application of Bio-Based and Biodegradable Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biomedical Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Packaging in the Food Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Improving the Properties of Bio-Based and Biodegradable Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biodegradation of Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Action Mechanism of Biodegradation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Factors Affecting the Biodegradation of Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Current State of the Use of Bio-Based and Biodegradable Packaging Materials . . . . . . . . . . Advantages of Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastics over Conventional Plastic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Global Demand for Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Challenges to the Development and Adoption of Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastics . . . . . Conclusions and Further Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract
The impact of environmental-related issues poses a deleterious effect on the existence of human life and its biophysical surroundings. Discarded plastic materials have been identified as threats to the environment as most of these K. Adrah · R. Tahergorabi (*) Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA e-mail: [email protected] D. Ananey-Obiri Department of Computational
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